PMID- 25531344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150908
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1557-8976 (Electronic)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Print)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - Multiple circulating infections can mimic the early stages of viral hemorrhagic 
      fevers and possible human exposure to filoviruses in Sierra Leone prior to the 
      2014 outbreak.
PG  - 19-31
LID - 10.1089/vim.2014.0108 [doi]
AB  - Lassa fever (LF) is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus 
      (LASV). The LF program at the Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) in Eastern Sierra 
      Leone currently provides diagnostic services and clinical care for more than 500 
      suspected LF cases per year. Nearly two-thirds of suspected LF patients 
      presenting to the LF Ward test negative for either LASV antigen or anti-LASV 
      immunoglobulin M (IgM), and therefore are considered to have a non-Lassa febrile 
      illness (NLFI). The NLFI patients in this study were generally severely ill, 
      which accounts for their high case fatality rate of 36%. The current studies were 
      aimed at determining possible causes of severe febrile illnesses in non-LF cases 
      presenting to the KGH, including possible involvement of filoviruses. A 
      seroprevalence survey employing commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 
      tests revealed significant IgM and IgG reactivity against dengue virus, 
      chikungunya virus, West Nile virus (WNV), Leptospira, and typhus. A polymerase 
      chain reaction-based survey using sera from subjects with acute LF, evidence of 
      prior LASV exposure, or NLFI revealed widespread infection with Plasmodium 
      falciparum malaria in febrile patients. WNV RNA was detected in a subset of 
      patients, and a 419 nt amplicon specific to filoviral L segment RNA was detected 
      at low levels in a single patient. However, 22% of the patients presenting at the 
      KGH between 2011 and 2014 who were included in this survey registered anti-Ebola 
      virus (EBOV) IgG or IgM, suggesting prior exposure to this agent. The 2014 Ebola 
      virus disease (EVD) outbreak is already the deadliest and most widely dispersed 
      outbreak of its kind on record. Serological evidence reported here for possible 
      human exposure to filoviruses in Sierra Leone prior to the current EVD outbreak 
      supports genetic analysis that EBOV may have been present in West Africa for some 
      time prior to the 2014 outbreak.
FAU - Boisen, Matthew L
AU  - Boisen ML
AD  - 1 Corgenix Medical Corporation, Inc. , Broomfield, Colorado.
FAU - Schieffelin, John S
AU  - Schieffelin JS
FAU - Goba, Augustine
AU  - Goba A
FAU - Oottamasathien, Darin
AU  - Oottamasathien D
FAU - Jones, Abigail B
AU  - Jones AB
FAU - Shaffer, Jeffrey G
AU  - Shaffer JG
FAU - Hastie, Kathryn M
AU  - Hastie KM
FAU - Hartnett, Jessica N
AU  - Hartnett JN
FAU - Momoh, Mambu
AU  - Momoh M
FAU - Fullah, Mohammed
AU  - Fullah M
FAU - Gabiki, Michael
AU  - Gabiki M
FAU - Safa, Sidiki
AU  - Safa S
FAU - Zandonatti, Michelle
AU  - Zandonatti M
FAU - Fusco, Marnie
AU  - Fusco M
FAU - Bornholdt, Zach
AU  - Bornholdt Z
FAU - Abelson, Dafna
AU  - Abelson D
FAU - Gire, Stephen K
AU  - Gire SK
FAU - Andersen, Kristian G
AU  - Andersen KG
FAU - Tariyal, Ridhi
AU  - Tariyal R
FAU - Stremlau, Mathew
AU  - Stremlau M
FAU - Cross, Robert W
AU  - Cross RW
FAU - Geisbert, Joan B
AU  - Geisbert JB
FAU - Pitts, Kelly R
AU  - Pitts KR
FAU - Geisbert, Thomas W
AU  - Geisbert TW
FAU - Kulakoski, Peter
AU  - Kulakoski P
FAU - Wilson, Russell B
AU  - Wilson RB
FAU - Henderson, Lee
AU  - Henderson L
FAU - Sabeti, Pardis C
AU  - Sabeti PC
FAU - Grant, Donald S
AU  - Grant DS
FAU - Garry, Robert F
AU  - Garry RF
FAU - Saphire, Erica O
AU  - Saphire EO
FAU - Branco, Luis M
AU  - Branco LM
FAU - Khan, Sheik Humarr
AU  - Khan SH
CN  - Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium
LA  - eng
GR  - U19 AI115589/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI082119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UC7 AI094660/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI067188/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U19 AI109762/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R44 AI088843/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UC7 AI070083/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI104621/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Viral Immunol
JT  - Viral immunology
JID - 8801552
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - DNA, Protozoan/blood
MH  - *Disease Outbreaks
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/*epidemiology/*etiology/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
MH  - Sierra Leone/epidemiology
PMC - PMC4287116
EDAT- 2014/12/23 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/09 06:00
PMCR- 2016/02/01
CRDT- 2014/12/23 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2014.0108 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2014.0108 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Viral Immunol. 2015 Feb;28(1):19-31. doi: 10.1089/vim.2014.0108.