PMID- 25532938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151022
LR  - 20150214
IS  - 1600-0536 (Electronic)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin 
      allergens in chloroprene rubber.
PG  - 139-46
LID - 10.1111/cod.12318 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Exposure to chloroprene rubber has resulted in numerous cases of 
      allergic contact dermatitis, attributed to organic thiourea compounds used as 
      vulcanization accelerators. However, thiourea compounds are not considered to be 
      strong haptens. OBJECTIVES: To analyse common commercial chloroprene materials 
      for their contents of diethylthiourea (DETU), dibutylthiourea (DBTU), 
      diphenylthiourea (DPTU), and their degradation products, isothiocyanates; and to 
      investigate the sensitization potencies of possible degradation products of the 
      mentioned thiourea compounds. METHODS: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 
      (MS) was used for quantification of organic thiourea compounds in chloroprene 
      products, such as medical, sports and diving gear; isothiocyanates were measured 
      by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/MS. Sensitization potencies 
      were determined with the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). RESULTS: DETU was 
      identified at concentrations of 2.7-9.4 microg/cm(2) in all samples, whereas neither 
      DBTU nor DPTU was detected. At 37 degrees C, degradation of DETU in the materials to 
      ethyl isothiocyanate (EITC) was detected. EITC and ethyl isocyanate showed 
      extreme and strong sensitization potencies, respectively, in the LLNA. 
      CONCLUSIONS: DETU can act as a prehapten, being degraded to EITC when subjected 
      to body temperature upon skin contact. EITC could thus be the culprit behind 
      allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene rubber.
CI  - (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Ramzy, Ahmad G
AU  - Ramzy AG
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius vag 
      16, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Hagvall, Lina
AU  - Hagvall L
FAU - Pei, Mansoureh N
AU  - Pei MN
FAU - Samuelsson, Kristin
AU  - Samuelsson K
FAU - Nilsson, Ulrika
AU  - Nilsson U
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141223
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Isothiocyanates)
RN  - 26914-14-7 (diethylthiourea)
RN  - 3154M2Q6GD (1,3-dibutyl-2-thiourea)
RN  - 3284MJ2T8P (ethyl isothiocyanate)
RN  - 9010-98-4 (Neoprene)
RN  - 9YCB5VR86Z (diphenylthiourea)
RN  - GYV9AM2QAG (Thiourea)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*analysis/immunology
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isothiocyanates/*analysis/immunology
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Neoprene/*chemistry
MH  - Thiourea/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chloroprene
OT  - contact dermatitis
OT  - diethylthiourea
OT  - ethyl isothiocyanate
OT  - exposure analysis
OT  - local lymph node assay
OT  - neoprene
OT  - rubber chemicals
EDAT- 2014/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/23 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/24 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/cod.12318 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 2015 Mar;72(3):139-46. doi: 10.1111/cod.12318. Epub 2014 Dec 
      23.