PMID- 25538312
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150618
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1935-5548 (Electronic)
IS  - 0149-5992 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Jan
TI  - Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 159-65
LID - 10.2337/dc14-0769 [doi]
AB  - The worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues 
      to rise at an alarming pace. Recently the potential role of the gut microbiome in 
      these metabolic disorders has been identified. Obesity is associated with changes 
      in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the obese microbiome seems 
      to be more efficient in harvesting energy from the diet. Lean male donor fecal 
      microbiota transplantation (FMT) in males with metabolic syndrome resulted in a 
      significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in conjunction with an increased 
      intestinal microbial diversity, including a distinct increase in 
      butyrate-producing bacterial strains. Such differences in gut microbiota 
      composition might function as early diagnostic markers for the development of 
      T2DM in high-risk patients. Products of intestinal microbes such as butyrate may 
      induce beneficial metabolic effects through enhancement of mitochondrial 
      activity, prevention of metabolic endotoxemia, and activation of intestinal 
      gluconeogenesis via different routes of gene expression and hormone regulation. 
      Future research should focus on whether bacterial products (like butyrate) have 
      the same effects as the intestinal bacteria that produce it, in order to 
      ultimately pave the way for more successful interventions for obesity and T2DM. 
      The rapid development of the currently available techniques, including use of 
      fecal transplantations, has already shown promising results, so there is hope for 
      novel therapies based on the microbiota in the future.
CI  - (c) 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long 
      as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the 
      work is not altered.
FAU - Hartstra, Annick V
AU  - Hartstra AV
AD  - Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of 
      Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FAU - Bouter, Kristien E C
AU  - Bouter KE
AD  - Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of 
      Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FAU - Backhed, Fredrik
AU  - Backhed F
AD  - Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic 
      Research, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden Novo Nordisk Foundation Center 
      for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and 
      Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Nieuwdorp, Max
AU  - Nieuwdorp M
AD  - Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of 
      Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center 
      for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, 
      Sweden m.nieuwdorp@amc.uva.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Care
JT  - Diabetes care
JID - 7805975
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*microbiology
MH  - Diet
MH  - Endotoxemia/prevention & control
MH  - Feces/microbiology
MH  - *Feeding Behavior
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Intestines/microbiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/microbiology
MH  - *Microbiota
MH  - Obesity/metabolism/*microbiology
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
EDAT- 2014/12/30 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/19 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 38/1/159 [pii]
AID - 10.2337/dc14-0769 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan;38(1):159-65. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0769.