PMID- 25542704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150327
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1377
DP  - 2015 Jan 16
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of solvent systems for countercurrent 
      separation.
PG  - 55-63
LID - S0021-9673(14)01883-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.085 [doi]
AB  - Rational solvent system selection for countercurrent chromatography and 
      centrifugal partition chromatography technology (collectively known as 
      countercurrent separation) studies continues to be a scientific challenge as the 
      fundamental questions of comparing polarity range and selectivity within a 
      solvent system family and between putative orthogonal solvent systems remain 
      unanswered. The current emphasis on metabolomic investigations and analysis of 
      complex mixtures necessitates the use of successive orthogonal countercurrent 
      separation (CS) steps as part of complex fractionation protocols. Addressing the 
      broad range of metabolite polarities demands development of new CS solvent 
      systems with appropriate composition, polarity (pi), selectivity (sigma), and 
      suitability. In this study, a mixture of twenty commercially available natural 
      products, called the GUESSmix, was utilized to evaluate both solvent system 
      polarity and selectively characteristics. Comparisons of GUESSmix analyte 
      partition coefficient (K) values give rise to a measure of solvent system 
      polarity range called the GUESSmix polarity index (GUPI). Solvatochromic dye and 
      electrical permittivity measurements were also evaluated in quantitatively 
      assessing solvent system polarity. The relative selectivity of solvent systems 
      were evaluated with the GUESSmix by calculating the pairwise resolution (alphaip), 
      the number of analytes found in the sweet spot (Nsw), and the pairwise resolution 
      of those sweet spot analytes (alphasw). The combination of these parameters allowed 
      for both intra- and inter-family comparison of solvent system selectivity. 
      Finally, 2-dimensional reciprocal shifted symmetry plots (ReSS(2)) were created 
      to visually compare both the polarities and selectivities of solvent system 
      pairs. This study helps to pave the way to the development of new solvent systems 
      that are amenable to successive orthogonal CS protocols employed in metabolomic 
      studies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Friesen, J Brent
AU  - Friesen JB
AD  - Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican 
      University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and 
      Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. 
      Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College 
      of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 
      60612, USA. Electronic address: jbfriesen@dom.edu.
FAU - Ahmed, Sana
AU  - Ahmed S
AD  - Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican 
      University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA.
FAU - Pauli, Guido F
AU  - Pauli GF
AD  - Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; 
      Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois 
      at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141204
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Countercurrent Distribution/*methods
MH  - Solvents/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CCC
OT  - CPC
OT  - Counter-current chromatography
OT  - Countercurrent chromatography
OT  - GUESSmix
OT  - centrifugal partition chromatography
EDAT- 2014/12/30 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/28 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(14)01883-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.085 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2015 Jan 16;1377:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.085. Epub 
      2014 Dec 4.