PMID- 25548273
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151208
LR  - 20200907
IS  - 1471-2962 (Electronic)
IS  - 1364-503X (Print)
IS  - 1364-503X (Linking)
VI  - 373
IP  - 2034
DP  - 2015 Feb 13
TI  - Assessing levels of consciousness with symbolic analysis.
LID - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0117 [doi]
LID - 20140117
AB  - 'Covert consciousness' is a state in which consciousness is present without the 
      capacity for behavioural response, and it can occur in patients with 
      intraoperative awareness or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. To detect and 
      prevent this undesirable state, it is critical to develop a reliable 
      neurobiological assessment of an individual's level of consciousness that is 
      independent of behaviour. One such approach that shows potential is measuring 
      surrogates of cortical communication in the brain using electroencephalography 
      (EEG). EEG is practicable in clinical application, but involves many fundamental 
      signal processing problems, including signal-to-noise ratio and high dimensional 
      complexity. Symbolic analysis of EEG can mitigate these problems, improving the 
      measurement of brain connectivity and the ability to successfully assess levels 
      of consciousness. In this article, we review the problem of covert consciousness, 
      basic neurobiological principles of consciousness, current methods of measuring 
      brain connectivity and the advantages of symbolic processing, with a focus on 
      symbolic transfer entropy (STE). Finally, we discuss recent advances and clinical 
      applications of STE and other symbolic analyses to assess levels of 
      consciousness.
CI  - (c) 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lee, UnCheol
AU  - Lee U
AD  - Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 
      West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA uclee@med.umich.edu.
FAU - Blain-Moraes, Stefanie
AU  - Blain-Moraes S
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West 
      Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
FAU - Mashour, George A
AU  - Mashour GA
AD  - Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience 
      Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center 
      Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5048, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 GM098578/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
JT  - Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering 
      sciences
JID - 101133385
PMC - PMC7398453
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - consciousness
OT  - electroencephalography
OT  - intraoperative awareness
OT  - symbolic analysis
OT  - symbolic transfer entropy
OT  - unresponsive wakefulness syndrome
EDAT- 2014/12/31 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/31 06:01
PMCR- 2016/02/13
CRDT- 2014/12/31 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - rsta.2014.0117 [pii]
AID - rsta20140117 [pii]
AID - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0117 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 Feb 13;373(2034):20140117. doi: 
      10.1098/rsta.2014.0117.