PMID- 25548672
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141230
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 2090-2085 (Print)
IS  - 2090-2093 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-2093 (Linking)
VI  - 2014
DP  - 2014
TI  - Gender identity disorder and schizophrenia: neurodevelopmental disorders with 
      common causal mechanisms?
PG  - 463757
LID - 10.1155/2014/463757 [doi]
LID - 463757
AB  - Gender identity disorder (GID), recently renamed gender dysphoria (GD), is a rare 
      condition characterized by an incongruity between gender identity and biological 
      sex. Clinical evidence suggests that schizophrenia occurs in patients with GID at 
      rates higher than in the general population and that patients with GID may have 
      schizophrenia-like personality traits. Conversely, patients with schizophrenia 
      may experience alterations in gender identity and gender role perception. 
      Neurobiological research, including brain imaging and studies of finger length 
      ratio and handedness, suggests that both these disorders are associated with 
      altered cerebral sexual dimorphism and changes in cerebral lateralization. 
      Various mechanisms, such as Toxoplasma infection, reduced levels of brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF), early childhood adversity, and links with autism 
      spectrum disorders, may account for some of this overlap. The implications of 
      this association for further research are discussed.
FAU - Rajkumar, Ravi Philip
AU  - Rajkumar RP
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education 
      and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605 006, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20141204
PL  - Egypt
TA  - Schizophr Res Treatment
JT  - Schizophrenia research and treatment
JID - 101576450
PMC - PMC4274821
EDAT- 2014/12/31 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/31 06:01
PMCR- 2014/12/04
CRDT- 2014/12/31 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2014/463757 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Schizophr Res Treatment. 2014;2014:463757. doi: 10.1155/2014/463757. Epub 2014 
      Dec 4.