PMID- 25560455
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150401
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1379
DP  - 2015 Jan 30
TI  - Graphene-derivatized silica as an efficient solid-phase extraction sorbent for 
      pre-concentration of fluoroquinolones from water followed by 
      liquid-chromatography fluorescence detection.
PG  - 9-15
LID - S0021-9673(14)01966-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.047 [doi]
AB  - This work presents a novel analytical method based on graphene for the 
      determination of five widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs) in aqueous matrices. The 
      procedure entails solid-phase extraction (SPE) on graphene-derivatized silica 
      (200mg), followed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Monolayer 
      graphene oxide (GO) flakes were covalently bonded onto aminopropyl silica 
      microparticles, and then treated with aqueous hydrazine to obtain the reduced GO 
      (RGO). The final material (RGO-silica) was characterized by thermogravimetric 
      analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET analysis, and for the 
      first time evaluated as mixed-mode sorbent for the SPE of FQs from natural 
      waters. Accuracy was studied on tap/raw river water in the concentration range 
      5-10,000ngL(-1), obtaining mean absolute recoveries from 72 to 118%. The 
      inter-day precision was good, showing relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the 
      range 5-15%. Sample volumes up to 1L provided enrichment factors up to 1000, 
      achieving accurate quantification of concentrations as low as 5ngL(-1). The 
      analytes were simultaneously and quantitatively eluted from the RGO-silica 
      cartridge in a single fraction by using acetonitrile combined with aqueous 
      tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide. The batch-to-batch reproducibility was verified on 
      three independently prepared RGO-silica samples. RGO-silica was advantageous in 
      terms of adsorption capacity and reusability with respect to commercial sorbents; 
      the cartridge proved to be reusable for at least 10 consecutive extractions, with 
      no significant loss of efficiency (recovery >70%). The analytical procedure was 
      applied to the determination of FQs in actual environmental waters.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Speltini, Andrea
AU  - Speltini A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy. Electronic address: andrea.speltini@unipv.it.
FAU - Sturini, Michela
AU  - Sturini M
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy.
FAU - Maraschi, Federica
AU  - Maraschi F
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy.
FAU - Consoli, Luana
AU  - Consoli L
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy.
FAU - Zeffiro, Alberto
AU  - Zeffiro A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy.
FAU - Profumo, Antonella
AU  - Profumo A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141225
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - *Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Fluoroquinolones/analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Graphite/*chemistry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Silicon Dioxide/*chemistry
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction/*methods
MH  - Water/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Emerging pollutants
OT  - Fluoroquinolones
OT  - Graphene
OT  - Sample preparation
OT  - Solid-phase extraction
OT  - Surface water
EDAT- 2015/01/07 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2015/01/07 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/12/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/12/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/01/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/01/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(14)01966-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2015 Jan 30;1379:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.047. Epub 
      2014 Dec 25.