PMID- 25562390
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151204
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1557-8593 (Electronic)
IS  - 1520-9156 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - Skin autofluorescence and complications of diabetes: does ethnic background or 
      skin color matter?
PG  - 88-95
LID - 10.1089/dia.2013.0374 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: Skin autofluorescence (AF) has been associated with complications of 
      diabetes. We evaluated the influence of skin color and ethnicity on the 
      association between skin AF and the presence of diabetes-related complications. 
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a multiethnic type 2 diabetes cohort we investigated 
      all patients with available skin AF measurements. The associations between skin 
      AF and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the presence of complications of diabetes were 
      estimated, stratified for ethnicity and quartiles of ultraviolet reflectance 
      percentage (R%). RESULTS: In total, 810 patients (438 native Dutch, 372 
      non-Dutch) were included. Because of too low an R%, 32% of black Africans and 19% 
      of Hindustanis were excluded. Non-Dutch patients had lower AF values compared 
      with Dutch patients (median AF=2.69 [interquartile range (IQR), 2.26-3.09] vs. 
      3.06 [IQR, 2.65-3.50] arbitrary units; P<0.001), but the R% was also lower 
      (non-Dutch, median R%=12% [IQR, 9-15%]; Dutch, median R%=18% [IQR, 14-23%]; 
      P=0.027). In the multivariate analysis, skin AF was only a determinant for 
      complications in patients with R% 25(th) percentile (macrovascular, odds ratio 
      [OR]=1.71 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.77] vs. 1.15 [95% CI, 0.55-2.40] 
      in the lowest quartile of R%; microvascular, OR=1.81 [95% CI, 1.20-2.75] vs. 
      OR=0.87 [95% CI, 0.50-1.51]). A similar pattern was observed for nephropathy, 
      neuropathy, and retinopathy separately. In non-Dutch patients AF was not a 
      significant determinant for diabetes complication risk, whereas HbA1c was for 
      nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Skin AF measurement is a 
      valuable tool for the assessment of micro- and macrovascular complication risk in 
      patients with light skin color types. Even after exclusion of patients with too 
      low a reflectance, the current performance of the AGE Reader (DiagnOptics 
      Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) was insufficient in darker-skinned 
      patients.
FAU - Ahdi, Mohamed
AU  - Ahdi M
AD  - 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital , Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands .
FAU - Gerdes, Victor E A
AU  - Gerdes VE
FAU - Graaff, Reindert
AU  - Graaff R
FAU - Kuipers, Saskia
AU  - Kuipers S
FAU - Smit, Andries J
AU  - Smit AJ
FAU - Meesters, Eelco W
AU  - Meesters EW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20150106
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Technol Ther
JT  - Diabetes technology & therapeutics
JID - 100889084
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Glycation End Products, Advanced)
RN  - 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*complications/*ethnology/physiopathology
MH  - Diabetic Angiopathies/blood/*ethnology/physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - *Fluorescence
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/*metabolism
MH  - Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Netherlands/epidemiology
MH  - *Optical Imaging
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Skin/*physiopathology
EDAT- 2015/01/07 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/01/07 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/01/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1089/dia.2013.0374 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 Feb;17(2):88-95. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0374. Epub 
      2015 Jan 6.