PMID- 25569333
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160107
LR  - 20150408
IS  - 1944-0057 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-0057 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015
TI  - Suitability of polystyrene as a functional barrier layer in coloured food contact 
      materials.
PG  - 395-402
LID - 10.1080/19440049.2014.1002116 [doi]
AB  - Functional barriers in food contact materials (FCMs) are used to prevent or 
      reduce migration from inner layers in multilayer structures to food. The 
      effectiveness of functional barrier layers was investigated in coloured 
      polystyrene (PS) bowls due to their intended condition of use with hot liquids 
      such as soups or stew. Migration experiments were performed over a 10-day period 
      using USFDA-recommended food simulants (10% ethanol, 50% ethanol, corn oil and 
      Miglyol) along with several other food oils. At the end of the 10 days, solvent 
      dyes had migrated from the PS bowls at 12, 1 and 31,000 ng cm(-)(2) into coconut 
      oil, palm kernel oil and Miglyol respectively, and in coconut oil and Miglyol the 
      colour change was visible to the human eye. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 
      images revealed that the functional barrier was no longer intact for the bowls 
      exposed to coconut oil, palm kernel oil, Miglyol, 10% ethanol, 50% ethanol and 
      goat's milk. Additional tests showed that 1-dodecanol, a lauryl alcohol derived 
      from palm kernel oil and coconut oil, was present in the PS bowls at an average 
      concentration of 11 mg kg(-1). This compound is likely to have been used as a 
      dispersing agent for the solvent dye and aided the migration of the solvent dye 
      from the PS bowl into the food simulant. The solvent dye was not found in the 10% 
      ethanol, 50% ethanol and goat's milk food simulants above their respective limits 
      of detection, which is likely to be due to its insolubility in aqueous solutions. 
      A disrupted barrier layer is of concern because if there are unregulated 
      materials in the inner layers of the laminate, they may migrate to food, and 
      therefore be considered unapproved food additives resulting in the food being 
      deemed adulterated under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act.
FAU - Genualdi, Susan
AU  - Genualdi S
AD  - a Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , US Food and Drug Administration 
      , College Park , MD , USA.
FAU - Addo Ntim, Susana
AU  - Addo Ntim S
FAU - Begley, Timothy
AU  - Begley T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150203
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
JT  - Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & 
      risk assessment
JID - 101485040
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
RN  - 0 (Polystyrenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Coloring Agents/*analysis
MH  - Electron Microscope Tomography
MH  - Food Analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - *Food Packaging
MH  - Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Polystyrenes/*chemistry
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - United States
MH  - United States Food and Drug Administration
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - functional barrier
OT  - migration
OT  - polystyrene
EDAT- 2015/01/09 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/08 06:00
CRDT- 2015/01/09 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/01/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/19440049.2014.1002116 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2015;32(3):395-402. 
      doi: 10.1080/19440049.2014.1002116. Epub 2015 Feb 3.