PMID- 25570300
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160719
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2694-0604 (Electronic)
IS  - 2375-7477 (Linking)
VI  - 2014
DP  - 2014
TI  - Performance evaluation of carbon black based electrodes for underwater ECG 
      monitoring.
PG  - 1691-4
LID - 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943932 [doi]
AB  - Underwater electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring currently uses Ag/AgCl electrodes 
      and requires sealing of the electrodes to avoid water intrusion, but this 
      procedure is time consuming and often results in severe irritations or even 
      tearing of the skin. To alleviate these problems, our research team developed 
      hydrophobic electrodes comprised of a mixture of carbon black powder (CB) and 
      polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that provide all morphological waveforms without 
      distortion of an ECG signal for dry and water-immersed conditions. Performance 
      comparison of CB/PDMS electrodes to adhesive Ag/AgCl hydrogel electrodes was 
      carried out in three different scenarios which included recordings from a dry 
      surface, water immersion, and post-water immersion conditions. CB/PDMS electrodes 
      were able to acquire ECG signals highly correlated with those from adhesive 
      Ag/AgCl electrodes during all conditions. Statistical reduction in ECG amplitude 
      (p<0.05) was only found during the immersed condition with CB/PDMS electrodes 
      when compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes sealed with their waterproof adhesive tape. 
      Besides this reduction readability of the recordings was not obscured and all 
      morphological waveforms of the ECG signal were discernible. The advantages of our 
      CB/PDMS electrodes are that they are reusable, can be fabricated economically, 
      and most importantly, high-fidelity underwater ECG signals can be acquired 
      without relying on the heavy use of waterproof sealing.
FAU - Reyes, Bersain A
AU  - Reyes BA
FAU - Posada-Quintero, Hugo F
AU  - Posada-Quintero HF
FAU - Bales, Justin R
AU  - Bales JR
FAU - Chon, Ki H
AU  - Chon KH
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
JT  - Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 
      Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International 
      Conference
JID - 101763872
RN  - 0 (Dimethylpolysiloxanes)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 63148-62-9 (baysilon)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon/chemistry
MH  - Dimethylpolysiloxanes/chemistry
MH  - *Electrocardiography/methods
MH  - Electrodes
MH  - Water/chemistry
EDAT- 2015/01/09 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/20 06:00
CRDT- 2015/01/09 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/01/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943932 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:1691-4. doi: 
      10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943932.