PMID- 25600299
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160127
LR  - 20150306
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 71
DP  - 2015 Mar 15
TI  - Physicochemical and biological characterization of long-term operated sulfate 
      reducing granular sludge in the SANI(R) process.
PG  - 74-84
LID - S0043-1354(15)00005-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.051 [doi]
AB  - The SANI((R)) process (Sulfate reduction, Autotrophic denitrification and 
      Nitrification Integrated) is a treatment system with low energy demands. The 
      major bioreactor of this new technology is a sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed 
      (SRUSB) that converts organics and provides electron donors for subsequent 
      autotrophic denitrification. This research characterizes the granules inside the 
      SRUSB, with the aim of improving its efficiency, maximizing its operational 
      flexibility, and minimizing its footprint. The unique sulfate-reducing bacteria 
      (SRB) granules serving in the SRUSB were found to increase the resilience and 
      compactness of the SRUSB. The granules, with a compact and porous structure, 
      showed high cohesion resisting breakage with a shear force G > 3400 s(-1). The 
      hydrophobicity of the external surface of the mature granules remained stable at 
      around 70% and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) accumulated at the bottom of the 
      SRUSB. 16s rRNA gene analysis of the microbial communities revealed that 
      Desulfobulbus (42.1%), Prosthecochloris (19%) and Trichococcus (12%) dominated 
      the mature granular sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) further 
      showed that SRB organisms were located internally and then surrounded by non-SRB. 
      According to the FISH results, the spatial distribution of extracellular 
      polymeric substances (EPS) displayed protein and alpha-polysaccharides in the 
      exterior and beta-polysaccharide in the core of the granules. Such biological 
      structure suggests that each SRB granule acts as an efficient and independent 
      unit, capable of achieving both fermentation and organic conversion. The present 
      investigation sheds light on the physicochemical and biological characteristics 
      of the SRB granulate. This information provides valuable information for 
      scaling-up the SANI((R)) process to treat real saline sewage in Hong Kong.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hao, Tianwei
AU  - Hao T
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Luo, Jinghai
AU  - Luo J
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Wei, Li
AU  - Wei L
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Mackey, Hamish R
AU  - Mackey HR
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Liu, Rulong
AU  - Liu R
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Rey Morito, Guillermo
AU  - Rey Morito G
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
FAU - Chen, Guang-Hao
AU  - Chen GH
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of 
      Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; SYSU-HKUST Research 
      Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 
      Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: ceghchen@ust.hk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150108
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (RNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Sulfates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Bioreactors
MH  - Denitrification
MH  - Microbial Consortia/*physiology
MH  - Nitrification
MH  - RNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
MH  - Seawater
MH  - Sewage/analysis/*microbiology
MH  - Sulfates/*metabolism
MH  - Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Granular sludge characterization
OT  - Microbial community and diversity
OT  - SANI((R)) process
EDAT- 2015/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/28 06:00
CRDT- 2015/01/21 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/01/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0043-1354(15)00005-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2015 Mar 15;71:74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.051. Epub 2015 Jan 
      8.