PMID- 25639711
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151127
LR  - 20191023
IS  - 1530-0277 (Electronic)
IS  - 0145-6008 (Print)
IS  - 0145-6008 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - The relationship of alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms to tryptophan 
      metabolism: cross-sectional data from a Nepalese alcohol treatment sample.
PG  - 514-21
LID - 10.1111/acer.12651 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Activation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism results 
      in increased production of potentially depressogenic tryptophan catabolites and a 
      reduction in tryptophan availability for serotonin synthesis. As alcohol 
      consumption affects tryptophan metabolism and disposition, we determined serum 
      levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, and an index of tryptophan degradation 
      (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) in patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and 
      compared their levels considering abstinence duration, AUD severity, and comorbid 
      depression. METHODS: The study sample included 169 AUD inpatients from 8 alcohol 
      treatment facilities in Kathmandu, Nepal. The Composite International Diagnostic 
      Interview was administered to generate the AUD diagnosis. The Alcohol Use 
      Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) captured AUD severity and patterns of 
      alcohol use. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used to reveal current 
      depressive symptoms. Serum kynurenine and tryptophan levels were determined by 
      high-performance liquid chromatography, and tryptophan degradation was measured 
      by KT ratio (kynurenine/tryptophan x 10(3)). RESULTS: Patients with above average 
      AUDIT scores had higher mean serum levels of kynurenine (2.1 muM +/- 0.7 vs. 1.8 muM 
      +/- 0.6, p = 0.006) and KT ratios (48.6 +/- 17.6 vs. 40.4 +/- 14.3, p = 0.002) than 
      those with below average scores. Patients with current depressive symptoms had 
      higher mean tryptophan concentrations (49.9 muM +/- 13 vs. 45.7 muM +/- 14.1, p = 
      0.047) and lower KT ratios (41.4 +/- 14 vs. 47.5 +/- 17.6, p = 0.028) compared to 
      patients whose reported depressive symptoms were below the standard cutoff. 
      Higher tryptophan levels and lower KT ratios in the depressed group were specific 
      to patients with longer abstinence and higher AUD severity. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Depression-related deregulation in tryptophan metabolism was found to depend on 
      length of abstinence and on AUD severity. Together, results suggest that in AUD 
      populations, peripheral tryptophan metabolism is subject to interactions between 
      AUD severity and depressive symptoms.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
FAU - Neupane, Sudan Prasad
AU  - Neupane SP
AD  - SERAF-Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Lien, Lars
AU  - Lien L
FAU - Martinez, Priscilla
AU  - Martinez P
FAU - Hestad, Knut
AU  - Hestad K
FAU - Bramness, Jorgen G
AU  - Bramness JG
LA  - eng
GR  - P50 AA005595/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 AA007240/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150130
PL  - England
TA  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res
JT  - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
JID - 7707242
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 343-65-7 (Kynurenine)
RN  - 8DUH1N11BX (Tryptophan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Alcohol-Related Disorders/*blood/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Depression/*blood/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kynurenine/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nepal/epidemiology
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Tryptophan/*blood/metabolism
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4348238
MID - NIHMS658792
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol
OT  - Comorbidity
OT  - Depression
OT  - Kynurenine Pathway
OT  - Tryptophan Metabolism
EDAT- 2015/02/03 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/01
CRDT- 2015/02/03 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/12/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/acer.12651 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Mar;39(3):514-21. doi: 10.1111/acer.12651. Epub 2015 
      Jan 30.