PMID- 25657650
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150206
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1664-3224 (Print)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2015
TI  - Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Immunomodulation of B-Cell - in vitro and in vivo 
      Effects.
PG  - 4
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00004 [doi]
LID - 4
AB  - Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used as replacement therapy in patients with 
      antibody deficiencies and at higher dosages in immune-mediated disorders. 
      Although different mechanisms have been described in vitro, the in vivo 
      immunomodulatory effects of IVIG are poorly understood. Different studies have 
      suggested that IVIG modulates B-cell functions as activation, proliferation, and 
      apoptosis. Recently, it was shown that IVIG induces in vitro B-cell 
      unresponsiveness similar to anergy. In accord with this, we recently reported 
      that IVIG therapy in patients affected by common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) 
      interferes in vivo with the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling by increasing 
      constitutive ERK activation and by reducing the phosphorylated ERK increment 
      induced by BCR cross-linking. Moreover, we observed that IVIG induces in CVID 
      patients an increase of circulating CD21(low) B-cells, an unusual population of 
      anergic-like B-cells prone to apoptosis. Therefore, IVIG at replacement dose in 
      vivo could prime B-cells to an anergic, apoptotic program. Here, we discuss these 
      recent findings, which may improve our understanding of the immunomodulatory 
      effects of IVIG, individualizing single involved molecules for more specific 
      treatments.
FAU - Mitrevski, Milica
AU  - Mitrevski M
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Marrapodi, Ramona
AU  - Marrapodi R
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Camponeschi, Alessandro
AU  - Camponeschi A
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Cavaliere, Filomena Monica
AU  - Cavaliere FM
AD  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Lazzeri, Cristina
AU  - Lazzeri C
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Todi, Laura
AU  - Todi L
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Visentini, Marcella
AU  - Visentini M
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150122
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
PMC - PMC4302981
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - B lymphocytes
OT  - CD21low B-cell
OT  - autoimmune disease
OT  - immunomodulation
OT  - intravenous immunoglobulin
EDAT- 2015/02/07 06:00
MHDA- 2015/02/07 06:01
PMCR- 2015/01/01
CRDT- 2015/02/07 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/02/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00004 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2015 Jan 22;6:4. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00004. eCollection 2015.