PMID- 25660037
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151201
LR  - 20150316
IS  - 1567-7257 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-1348 (Linking)
VI  - 31
DP  - 2015 Apr
TI  - Phylodynamic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      (PRRSV) in Italy: action of selective pressures and interactions between 
      different clades.
PG  - 149-57
LID - S1567-1348(15)00039-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.026 [doi]
AB  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most relevant and 
      challenging infectious disease to affect swine breeding. Despite this, several 
      aspects of the virus' evolution and virus-host interaction are still poorly 
      understood and largely based on knowledge obtained through in vitro or in vivo 
      experimental infections. Due to peculiar experimental conditions, our 
      understanding is often contradictory and difficult to infer with respect to 
      actual field conditions. Our phylodynamic study, based on ORF5 sequences of 141 
      samples collected in Italy from 1993 to 2012, explores different aspects of PRRSV 
      epidemiology, evolution, and virus-host interaction. Two major clades, belonging 
      to Type 1 subtype 1, were demonstrated to co-circulate while harboring a relevant 
      intra- and inter-clade genetic diversity. Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA), 
      evolution rates, and population dynamics were estimated using a serial 
      coalescent-based approach, and different demographic histories were reconstructed 
      for the two clades. Analysis of selective pressure revealed that sites subjected 
      to diversifying selection were mainly located in the region of glycoprotein 5 
      (GP5) exposed to the host environment. Similarly, the vast majority of strains 
      were highly glycosylated, confirming the proposed protective role of the glycan 
      shield against the humoral immune response. Overall, our study reports both 
      interactions among the viral populations as well as between virus and host, and 
      their relevance in shaping viral evolution: different population dynamics over 
      time seem to reflect a competition between clades. Some evidence argues in favor 
      of the role of immune pressure in affecting GP5 evolution, including frequent 
      changes in the region exposed to the host immune response, and preserving 
      glycosylation profiles that can hamper humoral immunity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Franzo, Giovanni
AU  - Franzo G
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. Electronic address: 
      giovanni.franzo@studenti.unipd.it.
FAU - Dotto, Giorgia
AU  - Dotto G
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
FAU - Cecchinato, Mattia
AU  - Cecchinato M
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
FAU - Pasotto, Daniela
AU  - Pasotto D
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
FAU - Martini, Marco
AU  - Martini M
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
FAU - Drigo, Michele
AU  - Drigo M
AD  - Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Viale 
      dell'Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150204
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Infect Genet Evol
JT  - Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and 
      evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
JID - 101084138
RN  - 0 (Codon)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Codon
MH  - Datasets as Topic
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Glycosylation
MH  - Open Reading Frames/genetics
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Selection, Genetic
MH  - Swine
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clades
OT  - Interaction
OT  - ORF5
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Phylodynamic
OT  - Selection
EDAT- 2015/02/11 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/02/10 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1567-1348(15)00039-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.026 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infect Genet Evol. 2015 Apr;31:149-57. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.026. Epub 
      2015 Feb 4.