PMID- 25673727
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150610
LR  - 20190108
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 89
IP  - 9
DP  - 2015 May
TI  - Domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza B viruses.
PG  - 4818-26
LID - 10.1128/JVI.00059-15 [doi]
AB  - Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has 
      been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of 
      this important pathogen. It is unclear whether other animal species can support 
      the replication of IBV and serve as a reservoir. Swine are naturally infected 
      with both influenza A and C viruses. To determine the susceptibility of pigs to 
      IBV infection, we conducted a serological survey for U.S. Midwest domestic swine 
      herds from 2010 to 2012. Results of this study showed that antibodies to IBVs 
      were detected in 38.5% (20/52) of sampled farms, and 7.3% (41/560) of tested 
      swine serum samples were positive for IBV antibodies. Furthermore, swine herds 
      infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) showed 
      a higher prevalence of IBV antibodies in our 2014 survey. In addition, IBV was 
      detected in 3 nasal swabs collected from PRRSV-seropositive pigs by real-time 
      RT-PCR and sequencing. Finally, an experimental infection in pigs, via intranasal 
      and intratracheal routes, was performed using one representative virus from each 
      of the two genetically and antigenically distinct lineages of IBVs: 
      B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage) and B/Yamagata/16/1988 (Yamagata lineage). 
      Pigs developed influenza-like symptoms and lung lesions, and they seroconverted 
      after virus inoculation. Pigs infected with B/Brisbane/60/2008 virus successfully 
      transmitted the virus to sentinel animals. Taken together, our data demonstrate 
      that pigs are susceptible to IBV infection; therefore, they warrant further 
      surveillance and investigation of swine as a potential host for human IBV. 
      IMPORTANCE: IBV is an important human pathogen, but its ability to infect other 
      species, for example, pigs, is not well understood. We showed serological 
      evidence that antibodies to two genetically and antigenically distinct lineages 
      of IBVs were present among domestic pigs, especially in swine herds previously 
      infected with PRRSV, an immunosuppressive virus. IBV was detected in 3 nasal 
      swabs from PRRSV-seropositive pigs by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and 
      sequencing. Moreover, both lineages of IBV were able to infect pigs under 
      experimental conditions, with transmissibility of influenza B/Victoria lineage 
      virus among pigs being observed. Our results demonstrate that pigs are 
      susceptible to IBV infections, indicating that IBV is a swine pathogen, and swine 
      may serve as a natural reservoir of IBVs. In addition, pigs may serve as a model 
      to study the mechanisms of transmission and pathogenesis of IBVs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
FAU - Ran, Zhiguang
AU  - Ran Z
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota 
      State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Shen, Huigang
AU  - Shen H
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Lang, Yuekun
AU  - Lang Y
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Kolb, Elizabeth A
AU  - Kolb EA
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Turan, Nuri
AU  - Turan N
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Zhu, Laihua
AU  - Zhu L
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota 
      State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Ma, Jingjiao
AU  - Ma J
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Bawa, Bhupinder
AU  - Bawa B
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Liu, Qinfang
AU  - Liu Q
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Liu, Haixia
AU  - Liu H
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Quast, Megan
AU  - Quast M
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Sexton, Gabriel
AU  - Sexton G
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Krammer, Florian
AU  - Krammer F
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 
      New York, USA.
FAU - Hause, Ben M
AU  - Hause BM
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Christopher-Hennings, Jane
AU  - Christopher-Hennings J
AD  - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, 
      Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Nelson, Eric A
AU  - Nelson EA
AD  - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, 
      Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
FAU - Richt, Juergen
AU  - Richt J
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
FAU - Li, Feng
AU  - Li F
AD  - Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 
      South Dakota, USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota 
      State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA feng.li@sdatate.edu 
      wma@vet.k-state.edu.
FAU - Ma, Wenjun
AU  - Ma W
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, Kansas, USA feng.li@sdatate.edu wma@vet.k-state.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - HHSN266200700005C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HHSN272201400006C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HHSN266200700005C/PHS HHS/United States
GR  - HHSN272201400006C/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150211
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*blood
MH  - Influenza B virus/*immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Lung/pathology/virology
MH  - Midwestern United States/epidemiology
MH  - Nasal Mucosa/virology
MH  - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/pathology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
MH  - *Sus scrofa
PMC - PMC4403465
EDAT- 2015/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/11 06:00
PMCR- 2015/11/01
CRDT- 2015/02/13 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.00059-15 [pii]
AID - 00059-15 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.00059-15 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2015 May;89(9):4818-26. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00059-15. Epub 2015 Feb 11.