PMID- 25679976
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160122
LR  - 20240326
IS  - 1935-2735 (Electronic)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Print)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 
      using a latex test: detection of specific antibody anti-gp43 and specific antigen 
      gp43.
PG  - e0003516
LID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003516 [doi]
LID - e0003516
AB  - BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic disease 
      and is a neglected public health problem in many endemic regions of Latin 
      America. Though several diagnostic methods are available, almost all of them 
      present with some limitations. METHOD/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: A latex immunoassay 
      using sensitized latex particles (SLPs) with gp43 antigen, the immunodominant 
      antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, or the monoclonal antibody mAb17c 
      (anti-gp43) was evaluated for antibody or antigen detection in sera, 
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients with 
      PCM due to P. brasiliensis. The gp43-SLPs performed optimally to detect specific 
      antibodies with high levels of sensitivity (98.46%, 95% CI 91.7-100.0), 
      specificity (93.94%, 95% CI 87.3-97.7), and positive (91.4%) and negative (98.9%) 
      predictive values. In addition, we propose the use of mAb17c-SLPs to detect 
      circulating gp43, which would be particularly important in patients with immune 
      deficiencies who fail to produce normal levels of immunoglobulins, achieving good 
      levels of sensitivity (96.92%, 95% CI 89.3-99.6), specificity (88.89%, 95% CI 
      81.0-94.3), and positive (85.1%) and negative (97.8%) predictive values. Very 
      good agreement between latex tests and double immune diffusion was observed for 
      gp43-SLPs (k = 0.924) and mAb17c-SLPs (k = 0.850), which reinforces the 
      usefulness of our tests for the rapid diagnosis of PCM in less than 10 minutes. 
      Minor cross-reactivity occurred with sera from patients with other fungal 
      infections. We successfully detected antigens and antibodies from CSF and BAL 
      samples. In addition, the latex test was useful for monitoring PCM patients 
      receiving therapy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The high diagnostic accuracy, low 
      cost, reduced assay time, and simplicity of this new latex test offer the 
      potential to be commercialized and makes it an attractive diagnostic assay for 
      use not only in clinics and medical mycology laboratories, but mainly in remote 
      locations with limited laboratory infrastructure and/or minimally trained 
      community health workers.
FAU - Dos Santos, Priscila Oliveira
AU  - Dos Santos PO
AD  - Federal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and 
      Parasitology, Cell Biology Division, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
AU  - Rodrigues AM
AD  - Federal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and 
      Parasitology, Cell Biology Division, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Fernandes, Geisa Ferreira
AU  - Fernandes GF
AD  - Federal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and 
      Parasitology, Cell Biology Division, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - da Silva, Silvia Helena Marques
AU  - da Silva SH
AD  - Evandro Chagas Institute, Bacteriology and Mycology Division, Ananindeua, Para, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Burger, Eva
AU  - Burger E
AD  - Federal University of Alfenas, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Alfenas, Minas 
      Gerais, Brazil.
FAU - de Camargo, Zoilo Pires
AU  - de Camargo ZP
AD  - Federal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and 
      Parasitology, Cell Biology Division, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150213
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis
JT  - PLoS neglected tropical diseases
JID - 101291488
RN  - 0 (43 kDa protein, Paracoccidioides)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Glycoproteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis/blood/immunology
MH  - Antigens, Fungal/*analysis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*immunology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*analysis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Glycoproteins/*analysis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Humans
MH  - Latex Fixation Tests
MH  - Latin America
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Paracoccidioides/*immunology
MH  - Paracoccidioidomycosis/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4334539
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/23 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/13
CRDT- 2015/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PNTD-D-14-01805 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003516 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Feb 13;9(2):e0003516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003516. 
      eCollection 2015 Feb.