PMID- 25705323
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1941-9066 (Print)
IS  - 1941-9074 (Electronic)
IS  - 1941-9074 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015
TI  - Myocardial Inflammation-Are We There Yet?
PG  - 6
LID - 6
AB  - Several exogenous or endogenous factors can lead to inflammatory heart disease. 
      Beside infectious myocarditis, other systemic inflammatory disorders such as 
      sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), 
      Churg-Strauss syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the myocardium. 
      Myocardial inflammation may have a major impact on the outcome of these patients, 
      resulting in sudden cardiac death, severe arrhythmias, or end-stage heart 
      failure. The current gold standard for definite confirmation of inflammatory 
      heart disease is endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), but is invasive and suffers low 
      sensitivity and specificity due to sampling errors. Thus, non-invasive methods 
      for detecting the extent and changes over time of the inflammatory myocardial 
      disease are needed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is such a non-invasive 
      method. We will describe and discuss different approaches for CMR assessment of 
      inflammatory myocardial disease including early gadolinium enhancement (EGE), 
      T2-weighted imaging, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), the newer mapping proton 
      relaxation techniques (T1 pre-contrast, T1 post-contrast, T2 mapping), and the 
      hybrid PET/MRI technique.
FAU - Greulich, Simon
AU  - Greulich S
AD  - Division of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Medical Center, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376 
      Stuttgart, Germany.
FAU - Ferreira, Vanessa M
AU  - Ferreira VM
AD  - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University 
      of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
FAU - Dall'Armellina, Erica
AU  - Dall'Armellina E
AD  - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University 
      of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
FAU - Mahrholdt, Heiko
AU  - Mahrholdt H
AD  - Division of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Medical Center, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376 
      Stuttgart, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep
JT  - Current cardiovascular imaging reports
JID - 101484775
PMC - PMC4330458
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
OT  - Edema
OT  - Gadolinium
OT  - Mapping
OT  - Myocardial inflammation
OT  - Tissue characterization
COIS- Simon Greulich, Vanessa M Ferreira, Erica Dall'Armellina, and Heiko Mahrholdt 
      declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2015/02/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/02/24 06:01
PMCR- 2015/02/18
CRDT- 2015/02/24 06:00
PHST- 2015/02/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/02/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 9320 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12410-015-9320-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2015;8(3):6. doi: 10.1007/s12410-015-9320-6.