PMID- 25706752
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151203
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015
TI  - The 3-second rule in hereditary pure cerebellar ataxia: a synchronized tapping 
      study.
PG  - e0118592
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0118592 [doi]
LID - e0118592
AB  - The '3-second rule' has been proposed based on miscellaneous observations that a 
      time period of around 3 seconds constitutes the fundamental unit of time related 
      to the neuro-cognitive machinery in normal humans. The aim of paper was to 
      investigate the temporal processing in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 
      6 (SCA6) and SCA31, pure cerebellar types of spinocerebellar degeneration, using 
      a synchronized tapping task. Seventeen SCA patients (11 SCA6, 6 SCA31) and 17 
      normal age-matched volunteers participated. The task required subjects to tap a 
      keyboard in synchrony with sequences of auditory stimuli presented at fixed 
      interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 200 and 4800 ms. In this task, the 
      subjects required non-motor components to estimate the time of forthcoming tone 
      in addition to motor components to tap. Normal subjects synchronized their taps 
      to the presented tones at shorter ISIs, whereas as the ISI became longer, the 
      normal subjects displayed greater latency between the tone and the tapping 
      (transition zone). After the transition zone, normal subjects pressed the button 
      delayed relative to the tone. On the other hand, SCA patients could not 
      synchronize their tapping with the tone even at shorter ISIs, although they 
      pressed the button delayed relative to the tone earlier than normal subjects did. 
      The earliest time of delayed tapping appearance after the transition zone was 
      4800 ms in normal subjects but 1800 ms in SCA patients. The span of temporal 
      integration in SCA patients is shortened compared to that in normal subjects. 
      This could represent non-motor cerebellar dysfunction in SCA patients.
FAU - Matsuda, Shunichi
AU  - Matsuda S
AD  - Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Matsumoto, Hideyuki
AU  - Matsumoto H
AD  - Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Furubayashi, Toshiaki
AU  - Furubayashi T
AD  - Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 
      Fukushima, Japan.
FAU - Hanajima, Ritsuko
AU  - Hanajima R
AD  - Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Tsuji, Shoji
AU  - Tsuji S
AD  - Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Ugawa, Yoshikazu
AU  - Ugawa Y
AD  - Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 
      Fukushima, Japan.
FAU - Terao, Yasuo
AU  - Terao Y
AD  - Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150223
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cerebellar Ataxia/genetics/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Physical Stimulation
PMC - PMC4337906
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/02/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/23
CRDT- 2015/02/24 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-47306 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0118592 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Feb 23;10(2):e0118592. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118592. 
      eCollection 2015.