PMID- 25710473
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151123
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015
TI  - Serum interleukin (IL)-15 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.
PG  - e0117282
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0117282 [doi]
LID - e0117282
AB  - Interleukin (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine has been studied as a possible 
      marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however its exact role in neuro-inflammation 
      or the pathogenesis AD is not well understood yet. A Multiple Indicators Multiple 
      Causes (MIMIC) approach was used to examine the relationship between serum IL-15 
      levels and AD in a well characterized AD cohort, the Texas Alzheimer's Research 
      and Care Consortium (TARCC). Instead of categorical diagnoses, we used two latent 
      construct d (for dementia) and g' (for cognitive impairments not contributing to 
      functional impairments) in our analysis. The results showed that the serum IL-15 
      level has significant effects on cognition, exclusively mediated by latent 
      construct d and g'. Contrasting directions of association lead us to speculate 
      that IL-15's effects in AD are mediated through functional networks as d scores 
      have been previously found to be specifically related to default mode network 
      (DMN). Our finding warrants the need for further research to determine the 
      changes in structural and functional networks corresponding to serum based 
      biomarkers levels.
FAU - Bishnoi, Ram J
AU  - Bishnoi RJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 
      Texas, United States of America.
FAU - Palmer, Raymond F
AU  - Palmer RF
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science 
      Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
FAU - Royall, Donald R
AU  - Royall DR
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Family and Community Medicine, and Medicine, University 
      of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans' Health System Audie L. 
      Murphy Division, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Antonio, 
      Texas, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150224
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-15)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis/pathology
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-15/*blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Theoretical
PMC - PMC4339977
COIS- Competing Interests: DRR and RFP have disclosed the results of these analyses to 
      the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), which has 
      filed patent application 2012.039.US1.HSCS and provisional patents 61/603,226 and 
      61/671,858 relating to the latent variable d's construction and biomarkers. RJB 
      has no competing interests to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS 
      ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
EDAT- 2015/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/24
CRDT- 2015/02/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/12/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-30332 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0117282 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Feb 24;10(2):e0117282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117282. 
      eCollection 2015.