PMID- 25721022
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151126
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 127
DP  - 2015 May
TI  - Environmental effects of modified clay flocculation on Alexandrium tamarense and 
      paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs).
PG  - 188-94
LID - S0045-6535(15)00079-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.039 [doi]
AB  - Among various mitigation strategies for harmful algal blooms (HABs), the 
      flocculation of algal cells by using modified clay (MC) has been widely applied 
      in the field, particularly in Japan, Korea and China. However, to examine the 
      long-term effects and the environmental safety of this method, we investigated 
      alterations in macronutrients and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs) 
      induced by the application of MC treatment to a toxic bloom, Alexandrium 
      tamarense. The control, algal cells grew in nature condition (A1), was compared 
      to the only MC flocculation (A2) and the MC-sediment co-matrix systems of A. 
      tamarense (A3). The low-dosage of 0.25 g L(-1) MC could efficiently remove >90% 
      of the A. tamarense cells within 3.5h. The mechanisms underlying the effects 
      elicited by MC flocculation on nutrient cycling, PSTs and Chl-a degradation were 
      also discussed. This study demonstrated that MC treatment was able to 
      significantly remove the macronutrients (43-60% TP removal and 17-30% TN removal) 
      and scavenge most of the PSTs from seawater, thereby speeding up the nutrient 
      settling and the transformation and degradation of PSTs (83% decreasing in A2). 
      Simultaneously, the study firstly demonstrated the potential detoxification of 
      PSTs by using MC treatment, from the high toxicity of gonyautoxin 1 and 4 (GTX1 
      and GTX4) to the lower toxicity decarbamoyl gonyautoxins (dcGTX3) and gonyautoxin 
      2 (GTX2), particularly within the water-sediment environment during the two month 
      incubation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lu, Guangyuan
AU  - Lu G
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of 
      Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IOCAS, Qingdao 266071, PR China; 
      University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of 
      Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR 
      China. Electronic address: luguangyuan09@mails.gucas.ac.cn.
FAU - Song, Xiuxian
AU  - Song X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of 
      Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IOCAS, Qingdao 266071, PR China. 
      Electronic address: songxx@qdio.ac.cn.
FAU - Yu, Zhiming
AU  - Yu Z
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of 
      Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IOCAS, Qingdao 266071, PR China. 
      Electronic address: zyu@qdio.ac.cn.
FAU - Cao, Xihua
AU  - Cao X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of 
      Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IOCAS, Qingdao 266071, PR China. 
      Electronic address: caoxh@qdio.ac.cn.
FAU - Yuan, Yongquan
AU  - Yuan Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of 
      Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IOCAS, Qingdao 266071, PR China. 
      Electronic address: yqyuan@qdio.ac.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150223
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Aluminum Silicates)
RN  - 35523-89-8 (Saxitoxin)
RN  - 77462-64-7 (gonyautoxins)
RN  - T1FAD4SS2M (Clay)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Aluminum Silicates/*chemistry
MH  - China
MH  - Clay
MH  - Climate
MH  - Dinoflagellida/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Flocculation
MH  - *Harmful Algal Bloom
MH  - Humans
MH  - Saxitoxin/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Seawater/chemistry
MH  - Shellfish Poisoning/*prevention & control
MH  - Water Pollution/*prevention & control
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alexandrium tamarense
OT  - Environmental effect
OT  - HABs mitigation
OT  - Modified clay
OT  - Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin (PSTs)
EDAT- 2015/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/02/28 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/01/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/02/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(15)00079-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.039 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2015 May;127:188-94. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.039. Epub 
      2015 Feb 23.