PMID- 25734778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160216
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1533-4287 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-8011 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 8
DP  - 2015 Aug
TI  - Mouth Rinsing With Carbohydrate Solutions at the Postprandial State Fail to 
      Improve Performance During Simulated Cycling Time Trials.
PG  - 2316-25
LID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000882 [doi]
AB  - Mouth rinsing with carbohydrate (CHO) solutions during cycling time trials 
      results in performance enhancements; however, most studies have used 
      approximately 6% CHO solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 
      compare the effectiveness of mouth rinsing with 4, 6, and 8% CHO solutions on 
      1-hour simulated cycling time trial performance. On 4 occasions, 7 trained male 
      cyclists completed at the postprandial period, a set amount of work as fast as 
      possible in a randomized counterbalanced order. The subjects rinsed their mouth 
      for 5 seconds, on completion of each 12.5% of the trial, with 25 ml of a non-CHO 
      placebo and 4, 6, and 8% CHO solutions. No additional fluids were consumed during 
      the time trial. Heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thirst 
      (TH), and subjective feelings (SF) were recorded after each rinse. Furthermore, 
      blood samples were drawn every 25% of the trial to measure blood glucose and 
      blood lactate concentrations, whereas whole-body CHO oxidation was monitored 
      continuously. Time to completion was not significant between conditions with the 
      placebo, 4, 6, and 8% conditions completing the trials in 62.0 +/- 3.0, 62.8 +/- 4.0, 
      63.4 +/- 3.4, and 63 +/- 4.0 minutes, respectively. There were no significant 
      differences between conditions in any of the variables mentioned above; however, 
      significant time effects were observed for HR, RPE, TH, and SF. Post hoc analysis 
      showed that TH and SF of subjects in the CHO conditions but not in the placebo 
      were significantly increased by completion of the time trial. In conclusion, 
      mouth rinsing with CHO solutions did not impact 1-hour cycling performance in the 
      postprandial period and in the absence of fluid intake. Our findings suggest that 
      there is scope for further research to explore the activation regions of the 
      brain and whether they are receptive to CHO dose, before specific recommendations 
      for athletic populations are established. Consequently, mouth rinsing as a 
      practical strategy for coaches and athletes is questionable under specific 
      conditions and should be carefully considered before its inclusion. Emphasis 
      should be focused on appropriate dietary and fluid strategies during training and 
      competition.
FAU - Ispoglou, Theocharis
AU  - Ispoglou T
AD  - Carnegie Faculty, Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, 
      United Kingdom.
FAU - O'Kelly, Damian
AU  - O'Kelly D
FAU - Angelopoulou, Athanasia
AU  - Angelopoulou A
FAU - Bargh, Melissa
AU  - Bargh M
FAU - O'Hara, John P
AU  - O'Hara JP
FAU - Duckworth, Lauren C
AU  - Duckworth LC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Strength Cond Res
JT  - Journal of strength and conditioning research
JID - 9415084
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - Bicycling/*physiology
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Heart Rate
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lactic Acid/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Physical Exertion
MH  - Postprandial Period
MH  - Thirst
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2015/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/18 06:00
CRDT- 2015/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000882 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Aug;29(8):2316-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000882.