PMID- 25748764
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151201
LR  - 20231111
IS  - 1558-7118 (Electronic)
IS  - 1557-2625 (Print)
IS  - 1557-2625 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Mar-Apr
TI  - Unconscious biases: racial microaggressions in American Indian health care.
PG  - 231-9
LID - 10.3122/jabfm.2015.02.140194 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: This article reports on the prevalence and correlates of microaggressive 
      experiences in health care settings reported by American Indian (AI) adults with 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This community-based participatory 
      research project includes two AI reservation communities. Data were collected via 
      in-person article-and-pencil survey interviews with 218 AI adults diagnosed with 
      T2DM. RESULTS: Greater than one third of the sample reported experiencing a 
      microaggression in interactions with their health providers. Reports of 
      microaggressions were correlated with self-reported history of heart attack, 
      worse depressive symptoms, and prior-year hospitalization. Depressive symptom 
      ratings seemed to account for some of the association between microaggressions 
      and hospitalization (but not history of heart attack) in multivariate models. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Microaggressive experiences undermine the ideals of patient-centered 
      care and in this study were correlated with worse mental and physical health 
      reports for AIs living with a chronic disease. Providers should be cognizant of 
      these subtle, often unconscious forms of discrimination.
CI  - (c) Copyright 2015 by the American Board of Family Medicine.
FAU - Walls, Melissa L
AU  - Walls ML
AD  - From the Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University 
      of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, MN (MLW); Department of Psychology, 
      Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN (JG); Department of Sociology and Criminal 
      Justice, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN (TG); Department of Family 
      Medicine/Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, 
      MN (EO). mlwalls@d.umn.edu.
FAU - Gonzalez, John
AU  - Gonzalez J
AD  - From the Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University 
      of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, MN (MLW); Department of Psychology, 
      Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN (JG); Department of Sociology and Criminal 
      Justice, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN (TG); Department of Family 
      Medicine/Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, 
      MN (EO).
FAU - Gladney, Tanya
AU  - Gladney T
AD  - From the Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University 
      of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, MN (MLW); Department of Psychology, 
      Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN (JG); Department of Sociology and Criminal 
      Justice, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN (TG); Department of Family 
      Medicine/Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, 
      MN (EO).
FAU - Onello, Emily
AU  - Onello E
AD  - From the Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University 
      of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, MN (MLW); Department of Psychology, 
      Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN (JG); Department of Sociology and Criminal 
      Justice, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN (TG); Department of Family 
      Medicine/Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, 
      MN (EO).
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 MH085852/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH085852/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - J Am Board Fam Med
JT  - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
JID - 101256526
SB  - IM
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - *Community-Based Participatory Research
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*ethnology/therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Services Accessibility/*trends
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Indians, North American
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Patient-Centered Care/*methods
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - United States/epidemiology
PMC - PMC4386281
MID - NIHMS674340
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cross-Cultural Care
OT  - Patient-Centered Care
OT  - Populations
OT  - Underserved
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2015/03/10 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/04/06
CRDT- 2015/03/10 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 28/2/231 [pii]
AID - 10.3122/jabfm.2015.02.140194 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Board Fam Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;28(2):231-9. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.02.140194.