PMID- 25749837
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150901
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1752-7163 (Electronic)
IS  - 1752-7155 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Mar 9
TI  - Volatile S-nitrosothiols and the typical smell of cancer.
PG  - 016010
LID - 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/016010 [doi]
AB  - An unconventional approach to investigations into the identification of typical 
      volatile emissions during illnesses gives rise to the proposal of a new class of 
      cancer markers. Until now, cancer markers seem not to have been conclusively 
      identified, though the obvious behavior of dogs points to their existence. The 
      focus has been directed towards molecules containing sulfurous functionalities. 
      Among such compounds, S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are known to be involved in 
      important physiological processes in living organisms and they are described as 
      being typically elevated in cancer. Volatile SNOs (vSNOs) are proposed to be the 
      source of the significant smell of cancer. Synthetic vSNOs are known to have 
      lifetimes of between some minutes and several hours, which may be the main reason 
      as to why they have been ignored until now, and also for the inability of 
      analytics to detect them in vivo. Based on typical structures occurring in the 
      volatile sulfur organics being emitted from human breath, four vSNOs have been 
      synthesized and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and gas 
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. Simulating the relatively fatty consistency of 
      cancer tissue by diluting the samples in n-decane, surprisingly reduces their 
      tendency to decompose to lifetimes of weeks even at room temperature. A sniffer 
      dog was trained with the synthetic vSNOs, and the results of the tests indicate 
      that synthetic and cancer smells are very similar or even the same. The findings 
      can be a clue for further target-oriented systematic optimization of existing 
      sensitive measurement methods to prove vSNOs as cancer emissions and finally 
      establish future methods for cancer diagnosis based on screening for this new 
      class of volatile illness markers.
FAU - Schroeder, Wolfgang
AU  - Schroeder W
AD  - Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Measurement Technology 
      Harburger Schlossstrasse 20, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150309
PL  - England
TA  - J Breath Res
JT  - Journal of breath research
JID - 101463871
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (S-Nitrosothiols)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/*analysis
MH  - Breath Tests/*methods
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Early Detection of Cancer
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis
MH  - S-Nitrosothiols/*analysis
MH  - Species Specificity
EDAT- 2015/03/10 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/02 06:00
CRDT- 2015/03/10 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/016010 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Breath Res. 2015 Mar 9;9(1):016010. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/016010.