PMID- 25756202
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160114
LR  - 20200306
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015
TI  - Antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid on Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus 
      faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis.
PG  - e0118800
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0118800 [doi]
LID - e0118800
AB  - This study investigated the antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid against 
      Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis. To 
      determine the cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid, HEp-2 cells were incubated with 
      oleanolic acid at 37 degrees C. MICs (minimal inhibition concentrations) for L. 
      monocytogenes, E. faecium, and E. faecalis were determined using two-fold 
      microdilutions of oleanolic acid, and bacterial cell viability was then assessed 
      by exposing the bacteria to oleanolic acid at 2 x MIC. To investigate the mode of 
      antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid, we measured leakage of compounds 
      absorbing at 280 nm, along with propidium iodide uptake. Scanning electron 
      microscope (SEM) images were also analysed. The viability of HEp-2 cells 
      decreased (P < 0.05) at oleanolic acid concentrations greater than 128 mug mL(-1). 
      The MICs were 16-32 mug mL(-1) for L. monocytogenes and 32-64 mug mL(-1) for E. 
      faecium and E. faecalis, and bacterial cell viability decreased (P < 0.05) about 
      3-4 log CFU mL(-1) after exposure to 2 x MIC of oleanolic acid. Leakage of 280 nm 
      absorbing materials and propidium iodide uptake was higher in oleanolic acid 
      -treated cells than in the control. The cell membrane was damaged in oleanolic 
      acid-treated cells, but the control group had intact cell membrane in SEM images. 
      The results indicate that oleanolic acid can kill L. monocytogenes, E. faecium, 
      and E. faecalis by destroying the bacterial cell membrane.
FAU - Kim, Sejeong
AU  - Kim S
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Heeyoung
AU  - Lee H
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Soomin
AU  - Lee S
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Yoon, Yohan
AU  - Yoon Y
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Choi, Kyoung-Hee
AU  - Choi KH
AD  - Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 
      Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150310
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 6SMK8R7TGJ (Oleanolic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Enterococcus faecalis/*drug effects
MH  - Enterococcus faecium/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Listeria monocytogenes/*drug effects
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Microbial Viability/drug effects
MH  - Oleanolic Acid/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC4355482
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/03/10
CRDT- 2015/03/11 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/03/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/03/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-25373 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0118800 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Mar 10;10(3):e0118800. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118800. 
      eCollection 2015.