PMID- 25766305
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160221
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1423-0151 (Electronic)
IS  - 1011-7571 (Print)
IS  - 1011-7571 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015
TI  - Predictive Risk Factors for Fear of Hypoglycemia and Anxiety-Related Emotional 
      Disorders among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.
PG  - 222-30
LID - 10.1159/000375306 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and anxiety-related 
      emotional disorders and their risk factors among adolescents with type 1 diabetes 
      mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted 
      among 187 adolescents (aged 13-18 years; 92 males, 95 females) with T1DM at the 
      Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia, from June 2013 to February 2014. The participants were interviewed using 
      FOH and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) scales. RESULTS: 
      Females had significantly higher scores on all FOH and SCARED subscales compared 
      to males. The mean scores for many subscales of FOH and SCARED were higher in the 
      older age group (16-18 years), in those under multiple-dose injection (MDI) 
      treatment (compared with the insulin pump treatment), and in those with a longer 
      duration of T1DM. Similarly, significant differences were observed in those with 
      high frequencies of hypoglycemia, passing out, hypoglycemia while asleep and 
      awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school. Regression analysis 
      revealed that higher age, female gender, MDI treatment, longer duration of T1DM, 
      higher frequencies of hypoglycemia, passing out, hypoglycemia while asleep and 
      awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school were the risk factors 
      associated with the majority of the FOH and SCARED subscales. The behavior of the 
      FOH subscale correlated with all the subscales of SCARED except the subscale of 
      generalized anxiety disorder. Similarly, the FOH subscale of worry significantly 
      correlated with all the subscales of SCARED. CONCLUSION: The strongest 
      determinants of higher risk for the majority of the FOH and SCARED subscales were 
      higher age, female gender, MDI treatment, longer duration of T1DM, higher 
      frequency of hypoglycemia, passing out due to hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia while 
      asleep and awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school.
FAU - Al Hayek, Ayman A
AU  - Al Hayek AA
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Robert, Asirvatham A
AU  - Robert AA
FAU - Braham, Rim B
AU  - Braham RB
FAU - Issa, Besher A
AU  - Issa BA
FAU - Al Sabaan, Fahad S
AU  - Al Sabaan FS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150228
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Med Princ Pract
JT  - Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, 
      Health Science Centre
JID - 8901334
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/*psychology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications/drug therapy/*psychology
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Fear
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemia/*complications/*psychology
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Sex Factors
PMC - PMC5588232
EDAT- 2015/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/22 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/28
CRDT- 2015/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 000375306 [pii]
AID - mpp-0024-0222 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000375306 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(3):222-30. doi: 10.1159/000375306. Epub 2015 Feb 28.