PMID- 25767366
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150313
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 0976-0105 (Print)
IS  - 0976-0113 (Electronic)
IS  - 0976-0113 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - A retrospective study on the incidences of adverse drug events and analysis of 
      the contributing trigger factors.
PG  - 64-8
LID - 10.4103/0976-0105.152095 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively determine the extent and types of adverse drug 
      events (ADEs) from the patient cases sheets and identify the contributing factors 
      of medication errors. To assess causality and severity using the World Health 
      Organization (WHO) probability scale and Hartwig's scale, respectively. METHODS: 
      Hundred patient case sheets were randomly selected, modified version of the 
      Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Global Trigger Tool was utilized to 
      identify the ADEs; causality and severity were calculated utilizing the WHO 
      probability scale and Hartwig's severity assessment scale, respectively. RESULTS: 
      In total, 153 adverse events (AEs) were identified using the IHI Global Trigger 
      Tool. Majority of the AEs are due to medication errors (46.41%) followed by 60 
      adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 15 therapeutic failure incidents, and 7 over-dose 
      cases. Out of the 153 AEs, 60 are due to ADRs such as rashes, nausea, and 
      vomiting. Therapeutic failure contributes 9.80% of the AEs, while overdose 
      contributes to 4.58% of the total 153 AEs. Using the trigger tools, we were able 
      to detect 45 positive triggers in 36 patient records. Among it, 19 AEs were 
      identified in 15 patient records. The percentage of AE/100 patients is 17%. The 
      average ADEs/1000 doses is 2.03% (calculated). CONCLUSION: The IHI Global Trigger 
      Tool is an effective method to aid provisionally-registered pharmacists to 
      identify ADEs quicker.
FAU - Sam, Aaseer Thamby
AU  - Sam AT
AD  - Unit of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, 
      Kedah, Malaysia.
FAU - Lian Jessica, Looi Li
AU  - Lian Jessica LL
AD  - Unit of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, 
      Kedah, Malaysia.
FAU - Parasuraman, Subramani
AU  - Parasuraman S
AD  - Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, 
      Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - J Basic Clin Pharm
JT  - Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy
JID - 101599515
PMC - PMC4357002
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adverse drug events
OT  - Hartwig's severity assessment scale
OT  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement Global Trigger Tool
OT  - World Health Organization probability scale
COIS- Conflict of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2015/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/15 06:01
PMCR- 2015/03/01
CRDT- 2015/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JBCP-6-64 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/0976-0105.152095 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Basic Clin Pharm. 2015 Mar;6(2):64-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-0105.152095.