PMID- 25784946
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150318
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1741-427X (Print)
IS  - 1741-4288 (Electronic)
IS  - 1741-427X (Linking)
VI  - 2015
DP  - 2015
TI  - Terminalia chebula Fructus Inhibits Migration and Proliferation of Vascular 
      Smooth Muscle Cells and Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7.
PG  - 502182
LID - 10.1155/2015/502182 [doi]
LID - 502182
AB  - Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neointima formation after angioplasty 
      involves vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation 
      followed by inflammatory responses mediated by recruited macrophages in the 
      neointima. Terminalia chebula is widely used traditional medicine in Asia for its 
      beneficial effects against cancer, diabetes, and bacterial infection. The study 
      was designed to determine whether Terminalia chebula fructus water extract (TFW) 
      suppresses VSMC migration and proliferation and inflammatory mediators production 
      in macrophage (RAW 264.7). Our results showed that TFW possessed strong 
      antioxidative effects in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and 
      lipid peroxidation assays. In addition, TFW reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, 
      inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression 
      in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, TFW inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) 
      induced VSMC migration as determined by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. 
      The antimigratory effect of TFW was due to its inhibitory effect on 
      metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, 
      and Rho-family of small GTPases (Cdc42 and RhoA) expression in VSMCs. 
      Furthermore, TFW suppressed PDGF-BB induced VSMC proliferation by downregulation 
      of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling molecules. These results 
      suggest that TFW could be a beneficial resource in the prevention of 
      atherosclerosis.
FAU - Lee, Hyun-Ho
AU  - Lee HH
AD  - Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 
      Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Paudel, Keshav Raj
AU  - Paudel KR
AD  - Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 
      Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Dong-Wook
AU  - Kim DW
AD  - Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 
      Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150216
PL  - United States
TA  - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
JT  - Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
JID - 101215021
PMC - PMC4345257
EDAT- 2015/03/19 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/19 06:01
PMCR- 2015/02/16
CRDT- 2015/03/19 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/01/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/03/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/19 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2015/502182 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:502182. doi: 10.1155/2015/502182. 
      Epub 2015 Feb 16.