PMID- 25811196
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160615
LR  - 20150912
IS  - 1543-2742 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-484X (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015 Aug
TI  - Nutrient Intake by Ultramarathon Runners: Can They Meet Recommendations?
PG  - 375-86
LID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0199 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether ultramarathon 
      runners were able to meet nutrition recommendations during a training period and 
      on a competition day. METHODS: In preparation for a 60 or 120 km ultramarathon 
      covering a varied terrain, male and female ultramarathon runners (n = 68, age 
      46.5 +/- 7.1 y) reported habitual dietary intake during three independent days 
      using a web-based 24-hr recall and questionnaires. The diet was assessed using 
      probability of inadequacy or by qualitative evaluation using reference dietary 
      intakes or sports nutrition recommendations. A small group of 120 km runners (n = 
      4) was observed continuously during the race. After the race, 60 km runners (n = 
      41) received a questionnaire to assess dietary intake and gastrointestinal (GI) 
      distress on the race day. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (r) were applied 
      to investigate the association between intake and general GI distress symptoms. 
      RESULTS: In men and women, habitual mean carbohydrate (CHO) intake was lower than 
      recommended, as was mean protein intake by women. CHO intake during the race was 
      <60 g/h in 75% of the athletes. A large variation of nutrient and fluid intake 
      was seen. GI distress during the race was reported in 82% of the runners; severe 
      GI distress was low. In general, moderate, mostly negative, correlations with 
      nutrient intake were seen for GI distress. CONCLUSION: Sports nutrition 
      recommendations for the habitual diet were not achieved. During a competition 
      day, a large variation was found in nutrient intake; this may be related to a 
      high incidence of GI distress.
FAU - Wardenaar, Floris C
AU  - Wardenaar FC
AD  - Dept. of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Arnhem, 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Dijkhuizen, Rianne
AU  - Dijkhuizen R
FAU - Ceelen, Ingrid J M
AU  - Ceelen IJ
FAU - Jonk, Emma
AU  - Jonk E
FAU - de Vries, Jeanne H M
AU  - de Vries JH
FAU - Witkamp, Renger F
AU  - Witkamp RF
FAU - Mensink, Marco
AU  - Mensink M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20150326
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
JT  - International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
JID - 100939812
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Deficiency Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control
MH  - *Diet/adverse effects
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastroenteritis/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Internet
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Netherlands/epidemiology
MH  - *Nutrition Policy
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - *Patient Compliance
MH  - *Physical Endurance
MH  - Practice Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk
MH  - Running
MH  - *Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Sports Nutritional Sciences/methods
EDAT- 2015/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/16 06:00
CRDT- 2015/03/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 2014-0199 [pii]
AID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0199 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Aug;25(4):375-86. doi: 
      10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0199. Epub 2015 Mar 26.