PMID- 25812086
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160113
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1935-2735 (Electronic)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Print)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - Co-endemicity of loiasis and onchocerciasis in rain forest communities in 
      southwestern Nigeria.
PG  - e0003633
LID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003633 [doi]
LID - e0003633
AB  - BACKGROUND: Loiasis is currently receiving attention as a disease of public 
      health importance because of the possibility of increased risk of developing 
      neurologic serious adverse event following mass ivermectin treatment against 
      onchocerciasis in individual co-infected with Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. 
      METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) 
      was conducted in 12 communities covering the 3 senatorial districts of Osun 
      State, Nigeria. A total of 960 people were interviewed for history of eye worm 
      using the WHO guidelines for rapid assessment. The survey confirmed the presence 
      of loiasis in all the 12 communities with 4 in Osun East/Ife south senatorial 
      district being at high risk with a prevalence of over 40%. Based on the RAPLOA 
      results, communities within Osun East/Ife south senatorial district were selected 
      for microfilaraemic assessment of L. loa and O. volvulus. A total of 1115 and 
      1091 individuals were screened for L. loa and O. volvulus microfilaria worms 
      respectively. 160 (14.3%) had L. loa microfilaria detected in their blood with 8 
      (5.0%) individuals having L. loa loads above 8000 mf/ml. 166 (15.2%) subjects had 
      O. volvulus microfilaria (range 4-504 mf/ml) detected in their skin snip. 30 
      (2.69%) subjects were co-infected with both L. loa and O. volvulus. There was a 
      significant variation in the prevalence (2.1% to 33.3%) of onchocerciasis in the 
      communities studied (p = 0.001). Five (41.7%) of the studied communities had a 
      prevalence that is equal to or greater than 20%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Low 
      prevalence of onchocerciasis and loiasis co-infection in this study suggests that 
      loiasis may not pose a serious epidemiological threat to the continuous 
      distribution and sustainability of ivermectin for the treatment of 
      onchocerciasis. Evaluation of the interruption of onchocerciasis transmissions in 
      this region using all the indicators set forth by WHO is therefore suggested.
FAU - Ojurongbe, Olusola
AU  - Ojurongbe O
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Akindele, Akeem Abiodun
AU  - Akindele AA
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola 
      University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Adeleke, Monsuru Adebayo
AU  - Adeleke MA
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Oyedeji, Matthew Oyebode
AU  - Oyedeji MO
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Adedokun, Samuel Adeyinka
AU  - Adedokun SA
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 
      Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Ojo, Josephine Folashade
AU  - Ojo JF
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Akinleye, Callistus Adewale
AU  - Akinleye CA
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 
      Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Bolaji, Oloyede Samuel
AU  - Bolaji OS
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Adefioye, Olusegun Adelowo
AU  - Adefioye OA
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
FAU - Adeyeba, Oluwaseyi Adegboyega
AU  - Adeyeba OA
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of 
      Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150326
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis
JT  - PLoS neglected tropical diseases
JID - 101291488
RN  - 0 (Filaricides)
RN  - 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Animals
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Coinfection/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - Endemic Diseases
MH  - Female
MH  - Filaricides/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ivermectin/therapeutic use
MH  - Loa/isolation & purification
MH  - Loiasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nigeria/epidemiology
MH  - Onchocerca volvulus/isolation & purification
MH  - Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Public Health
MH  - Rainforest
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4374772
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/14 06:00
PMCR- 2015/03/26
CRDT- 2015/03/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/02/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/03/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/03/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PNTD-D-14-01037 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003633 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Mar 26;9(3):e0003633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003633. 
      eCollection 2015 Mar.