PMID- 25824684
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151005
LR  - 20150415
IS  - 1422-6421 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-6405 (Linking)
VI  - 199
IP  - 5-6
DP  - 2014
TI  - A model system of the dynamic loading occurring in synovial joints: the 
      biological effect of plowing on pristine cartilage.
PG  - 364-72
LID - 10.1159/000375294 [doi]
AB  - Mechanical stress is listed as a main risk factor for cartilage degradation. The 
      aim of this study was to investigate the biological response of cartilage to 
      dynamic loading such as plowing. Cartilage strips harvested from bovine nasal 
      septum were submitted to plowing using a cylindrical indenter, applying a 
      constant normal force in the vertical axis and moving at constant speed in the 
      horizontal axis. After plowing, cell viability, gene expression and 
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release were measured with conventional assays. The 
      cell-viability assay and qRT-PCR showed that plowing induces cell death and 
      matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) upregulation. The addition of actinomycin D, 
      before or after plowing, confirmed that plowing was responsible for the observed 
      MMP-3 upregulation. Even if the transcriptions of the tissue inhibitor of 
      metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), aggrecan (Agg), collagen type I (Coll1), collagen 
      type II (Coll2) and fibronectin (Fn) were not significantly affected by plowing, 
      actinomycin D treatment revealed that plowing induces a strong increase in TIMP-1 
      and Coll1 messenger RNA content and influences the gene regulation of Agg, Coll2 
      and Fn. Furthermore, plowed cartilage explants exhibited enhanced GAG release. 
      Application of hydroxamate MMP inhibitor after loading showed that plowing 
      induces GAG release via the activation of catabolic enzymes. Plowing causes cell 
      death of the chondrocytes closer to the surface as well as matrix damage, 
      observed as GAG loss. Moreover, in healthy chondrocytes, plowing promotes the 
      production and activation of catabolic enzymes like MMP-3.
CI  - (c) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Correro-Shahgaldian, M Rita
AU  - Correro-Shahgaldian MR
AD  - Clinic for Masticatory Disorders, Removable Prosthodontics and Special Care, 
      Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Ghayor, Chafik
AU  - Ghayor C
FAU - Spencer, Nicholas D
AU  - Spencer ND
FAU - Weber, Franz E
AU  - Weber FE
FAU - Gallo, Luigi M
AU  - Gallo LM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150325
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cells Tissues Organs
JT  - Cells, tissues, organs
JID - 100883360
RN  - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cartilage/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Chondrocytes/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Synovial Membrane
EDAT- 2015/04/01 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/06 06:00
CRDT- 2015/04/01 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 000375294 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000375294 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cells Tissues Organs. 2014;199(5-6):364-72. doi: 10.1159/000375294. Epub 2015 Mar 
      25.