PMID- 25831544 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150629 LR - 20181113 IS - 1091-6490 (Electronic) IS - 0027-8424 (Print) IS - 0027-8424 (Linking) VI - 112 IP - 14 DP - 2015 Apr 7 TI - Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars. PG - 4245-50 LID - 10.1073/pnas.1420932112 [doi] AB - The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110-300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70-260 and 330-1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen. FAU - Stern, Jennifer C AU - Stern JC AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; jennifer.c.stern@nasa.gov. FAU - Sutter, Brad AU - Sutter B AD - Jacobs Technology, Inc., Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058; FAU - Freissinet, Caroline AU - Freissinet C AD - NASA Postdoctoral Program, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; FAU - Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael AU - Navarro-Gonzalez R AD - Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico; FAU - McKay, Christopher P AU - McKay CP AD - Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035; FAU - Archer, P Douglas Jr AU - Archer PD Jr AD - Jacobs Technology, Inc., Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058; FAU - Buch, Arnaud AU - Buch A AD - Laboratoire de Genie de Procedes et Materiaux, Ecole Centrale Paris, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry, France; FAU - Brunner, Anna E AU - Brunner AE AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281; FAU - Coll, Patrice AU - Coll P AD - Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, Universite Paris-Est Creteil, Universite Paris Diderot and CNRS, 94000 Creteil, France; FAU - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L AU - Eigenbrode JL AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; FAU - Fairen, Alberto G AU - Fairen AG AD - Centro de Astrobiologia, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; FAU - Franz, Heather B AU - Franz HB AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; FAU - Glavin, Daniel P AU - Glavin DP AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; FAU - Kashyap, Srishti AU - Kashyap S AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; FAU - McAdam, Amy C AU - McAdam AC AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; FAU - Ming, Douglas W AU - Ming DW AD - Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058; FAU - Steele, Andrew AU - Steele A AD - Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015; FAU - Szopa, Cyril AU - Szopa C AD - Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux et Observations Spatiales, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Versailles Saint-Quentin and CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; FAU - Wray, James J AU - Wray JJ AD - School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; FAU - Martin-Torres, F Javier AU - Martin-Torres FJ AD - Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad de Granada), 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, S-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden; and. FAU - Zorzano, Maria-Paz AU - Zorzano MP AD - Centro de Astrobiologia, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; FAU - Conrad, Pamela G AU - Conrad PG AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; FAU - Mahaffy, Paul R AU - Mahaffy PR AD - Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771; CN - MSL Science Team LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20150323 PL - United States TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A JT - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America JID - 7505876 RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - 059QF0KO0R (Water) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - N762921K75 (Nitrogen) SB - IM EIN - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jun 9;112(23):E3085. PMID: 25976101 MH - Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry MH - Geologic Sediments/*analysis MH - *Mars MH - Nitrates/chemistry MH - Nitric Oxide/chemistry MH - Nitrogen/*analysis/chemistry MH - Temperature MH - Water/chemistry MH - Wind PMC - PMC4394254 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Curiosity OT - Mars OT - astrobiology OT - nitrates OT - nitrogen COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. FIR - Kemppinen, Osku IR - Kemppinen O FIR - Bridges, Nathan IR - Bridges N FIR - Johnson, Jeffrey R IR - Johnson JR FIR - Minitti, Michelle IR - Minitti M FIR - Cremers, David IR - Cremers D FIR - Bell, James F 3rd IR - Bell JF 3rd FIR - Edgar, Lauren IR - Edgar L FIR - Farmer, Jack IR - Farmer J FIR - Godber, Austin IR - Godber A FIR - Wadhwa, Meenakshi IR - Wadhwa M FIR - Wellington, Danika IR - Wellington D FIR - McEwan, Ian IR - McEwan I FIR - Newman, Claire IR - Newman C FIR - Richardson, Mark IR - Richardson M FIR - Charpentier, Antoine IR - Charpentier A FIR - Peret, Laurent IR - Peret L FIR - King, Penelope IR - King P FIR - Blank, Jennifer IR - Blank J FIR - Weigle, Gerald IR - Weigle G FIR - Schmidt, Mariek IR - Schmidt M FIR - Li, Shuai IR - Li S FIR - Milliken, Ralph IR - Milliken R FIR - Robertson, Kevin IR - Robertson K FIR - Sun, Vivian IR - Sun V FIR - Baker, Michael IR - Baker M FIR - Edwards, Christopher IR - Edwards C FIR - Ehlmann, Bethany IR - Ehlmann B FIR - Farley, Kenneth IR - 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Tate C FIR - Day, Mackenzie IR - Day M FIR - Kocurek, Gary IR - Kocurek G FIR - Hallet, Bernard IR - Hallet B FIR - Sletten, Ronald IR - Sletten R FIR - Francis, Raymond IR - Francis R FIR - McCullough, Emily IR - McCullough E FIR - Cloutis, Ed IR - Cloutis E FIR - Ten Kate, Inge Loes IR - Ten Kate IL FIR - Kuzmin, Ruslan IR - Kuzmin R FIR - Arvidson, Raymond IR - Arvidson R FIR - Fraeman, Abigail IR - Fraeman A FIR - Scholes, Daniel IR - Scholes D FIR - Slavney, Susan IR - Slavney S FIR - Stein, Thomas IR - Stein T FIR - Ward, Jennifer IR - Ward J FIR - Berger, Jeffrey IR - Berger J FIR - Moores, John E IR - Moores JE EDAT- 2015/04/02 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/30 06:00 PMCR- 2015/10/07 CRDT- 2015/04/02 06:00 PHST- 2015/04/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/10/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1420932112 [pii] AID - 201420932 [pii] AID - 10.1073/pnas.1420932112 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 7;112(14):4245-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420932112. Epub 2015 Mar 23.