PMID- 25853724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151217
LR  - 20150505
IS  - 1520-6882 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-2700 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 9
DP  - 2015
TI  - Three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering hotspots in spherical 
      colloidal superstructure for identification and detection of drugs in human 
      urine.
PG  - 4821-8
LID - 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00176 [doi]
AB  - Rapid component separation and robust surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) 
      identification of drugs in real human urine remain an attractive challenge 
      because of the sample complexity, low molecular affinity for metal surface, and 
      inefficient use of hotspots in one- or two-dimensional (2D) geometries. Here, we 
      developed a 5 min strategy of cyclohexane (CYH) extraction for separating 
      amphetamines from human urine. Simultaneously, an oil-in-water emulsion method is 
      used to assemble monodisperse Ag nanoparticles in the CYH phase into spherical 
      colloidal superstructures in the aqueous phase. These superstructures create 
      three-dimensional (3D) SERS hotspots which exist between every two adjacent 
      particles in 3D space, break the traditional 2D limitation, and extend the 
      hotspots into the third dimension along the z-axis. In this platform, a 
      conservative estimate of Raman enhancement factor is larger than 10(7), and the 
      same CYH extraction processing results in a high acceptability and enrichment of 
      drug molecules in 3D hotspots which demonstrates excellent stability and 
      reproducibility and is suitable for the quantitative examination of amphetamines 
      in both aqueous and organic phases. Parallel ultraperformance liquid 
      chromatography (UPLC) examinations corroborate an excellent performance of our 
      SERS platform for the quantitative analysis of methamphetamine (MA) in both 
      aqueous solution and real human urine, of which the detection limits reach 1 and 
      10 ppb, respectively, with tolerable signal-to-noise ratios. Moreover, SERS 
      examinations on different proportions of MA and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA) in human urine demonstrate an excellent capability of multiplex 
      quantification of ultratrace analytes. By virtue of a spectral classification 
      algorithm, we realize the rapid and accurate recognition of weak Raman signals of 
      amphetamines at trace levels and also clearly distinguish various proportions of 
      multiplex components. Our platform for detecting drugs promises to be a great 
      prospect for a rapid, reliable, and on-spot analyzer.
FAU - Han, Zhenzhen
AU  - Han Z
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
FAU - Liu, Honglin
AU  - Liu H
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
FAU - Wang, Bin
AU  - Wang B
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
FAU - Weng, Shizhuang
AU  - Weng S
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
FAU - Yang, Liangbao
AU  - Yang L
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
FAU - Liu, Jinhuai
AU  - Liu J
AD  - Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 
      230031, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150417
PL  - United States
TA  - Anal Chem
JT  - Analytical chemistry
JID - 0370536
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Colloids)
RN  - 0 (Cyclohexanes)
RN  - 48K5MKG32S (Cyclohexane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamines/*urine
MH  - Colloids/chemistry
MH  - Cyclohexanes/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Spectrum Analysis, Raman
MH  - Surface Properties
EDAT- 2015/04/09 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/19 06:00
CRDT- 2015/04/09 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00176 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Chem. 2015;87(9):4821-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00176. Epub 2015 Apr 
      17.