PMID- 25864079
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151002
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 187
IP  - 5
DP  - 2015 May
TI  - Estimation of human health risk associated with the consumption of 
      pesticide-contaminated vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana.
PG  - 244
LID - 10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0 [doi]
AB  - Analysis of pesticides consisting of 12 organophosphates (OPs), 10 
      organochlorines (OCs), and 6 pyrethroids in vegetables from Kumasi was conducted. 
      Vegetable samples comprising 20 each of eggplants, okra, and tomatoes were 
      analyzed. The method involves solvent extraction of pesticide residues followed 
      by cleanup using silica gel. Residue analysis was carried out using a GC equipped 
      with pulsed flame photometric detector for OP residues and electron capture 
      detector for OC and pyrethroid residues. The results revealed that methamidophos 
      exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in all vegetable commodities. Levels 
      of malathion and dimethoate also exceeded the MRLs in eggplant and tomato 
      samples. Endrin, alpha-endosulfan, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), gamma-chlordane, and 
      heptachlor exceeded their MRLs in okra samples whereas methoxychlor, allethrin, 
      and deltamethrin exceeded in eggplant samples. Health risk estimation revealed 
      that dimethoate in tomato and endrin, heptachlor, gamma-HCH, and gamma-chlordane in okra 
      could not pose potential toxicity to the consumer. The combined risk index showed 
      no health risk to consumers due to intake of pyrethroid OC and OP residue on 
      these vegetables. The overall risk index for combined pesticides due to 
      consumption of all the vegetables was higher than 1, which signifies potential 
      health risk to consumers. OPs were the major risk contributor for both eggplant 
      and tomatoes which accounted for 87.78 and 95.84%, respectively, of the combined 
      risk of pesticides in the vegetables. However, OC with 97.94% of the combined 
      risk index was the major risk contributor for the okra. The carcinogenic risk of 
      the OCs in okra was of no concern since their carcinogenic rates were below the 
      acceptable risk level.
FAU - Akoto, Osei
AU  - Akoto O
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 
      Kumasi, Ghana, wofakmann@yahoo.com.
FAU - Gavor, Sandra
AU  - Gavor S
FAU - Appah, Martin K
AU  - Appah MK
FAU - Apau, Joseph
AU  - Apau J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150413
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Nitriles)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphates)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Pyrethrins)
RN  - 12789-03-6 (Chlordan)
RN  - 2JTS8R821G (decamethrin)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
RN  - 7GLS9ACN3L (Heptachlor)
RN  - OKA6A6ZD4K (Endosulfan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chlordan/analysis
MH  - Endosulfan/analysis
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Food Contamination/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Ghana
MH  - Heptachlor/analysis
MH  - Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Nitriles
MH  - Organophosphates/analysis
MH  - Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
MH  - Pyrethrins/analysis
MH  - Risk
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Vegetables/*chemistry
EDAT- 2015/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/03 06:00
CRDT- 2015/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2015 May;187(5):244. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0. Epub 
      2015 Apr 13.