PMID- 25877052 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20150417 LR - 20150416 IS - 2211-0356 (Electronic) IS - 2211-0348 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 4 DP - 2014 Jul TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and JC Virus-related disease in modern neurology practice. PG - 419-30 LID - S2211-0348(14)00008-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.msard.2014.01.005 [doi] AB - The natural history and clinical import of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy has changed enormously in the last thirty years. After a resurgence of PML during the HIV/AIDS epidemic, advances in the treatment of multiple sclerosis created another group of 'at risk' patients. With a focus on issues pertaining to the multiple sclerosis patient population, this review covers pathophysiology of the JC virus, causes of PML, mechanisms by which natalizumab increases the risk of PML, determinants of PML risk in natalizumab-treated patients, risks of natalizumab discontinuation, PML prevention and surveillance, PML imaging features, PML diagnosis and stumbling blocks to making the diagnosis, PML and PML-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) treatment. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Carruthers, Robert L AU - Carruthers RL AD - Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: drrobertcarruthers@gmail.com. FAU - Berger, Joseph AU - Berger J AD - Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20140208 PL - Netherlands TA - Mult Scler Relat Disord JT - Multiple sclerosis and related disorders JID - 101580247 OTO - NOTNLM OT - JCV OT - JCV serology OT - Multiple sclerosis OT - Natalizumab OT - PML-IRIS OT - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy EDAT- 2015/04/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/04/17 06:01 CRDT- 2015/04/17 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/04/17 06:01 [medline] AID - S2211-0348(14)00008-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.msard.2014.01.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014 Jul;3(4):419-30. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Feb 8.