PMID- 25884820
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160519
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1746-1596 (Electronic)
IS  - 1746-1596 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2015 Apr 2
TI  - Prognostic impact of vascular invasion and standardization of its evaluation in 
      stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
PG  - 17
LID - 10.1186/s13000-015-0249-5 [doi]
LID - 17
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with pathologic stage (p-Stage) IA non-small cell lung 
      cancer (NSCLC) have a good survival rate because of possible curative resection. 
      However, up to 10% of these patients relapse postoperatively. To identify 
      unfavorable prognostic factors, we retrospectively analyzed the 
      clinicopathological features of p-Stage IA disease, focusing on vascular 
      invasion. METHODS: Of 467 patients with p-Stage I NSCLC, 335 were diagnosed with 
      p-Stage IA or IB disease based on a lesion size </=3 cm and the presence of pleural 
      invasion (PL). Univariate and multivariate analyses of recurrence-free survival 
      (RFS) were performed with age, sex, PL, and vascular invasion (blood vessel 
      invasion [v] and lymphatic vessel invasion [ly]) as variables. To examine 
      vascular invasion, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Elastica van Gieson staining, and 
      immunostaining with anti-podoplanin antibody were performed. The presence or 
      absence of v and ly was recorded; the number of involved vessels was counted. 
      Survival rates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. 
      Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. 
      RESULTS: RFS differed significantly between patients with no or one involved 
      blood vessel (0 v or 1 v) and those with >/=2 involved vessels (>/=2 v). Similarly, 
      RFS differed significantly between patients with no lymphatic vessel involvement 
      (0 ly) and those with one involved lymphatic vessel (1 ly). Thus, BVI(+) and 
      BVI(-) were defined as >/=2 v and 0 v + 1 v, and LVI(+) and LVI(-) as >/=1 ly and 0 
      ly, respectively. BVI and LVI together represented tumor vessel invasion (TVI). 
      On multivariate analyses, PL and TVI were independently associated with 
      recurrence. Additionally, patients with p-Stage IA TVI(+) disease had a 
      comparable recurrence rate to those with p-Stage IB disease. CONCLUSIONS: Similar 
      to PL, TVI is an important factor increasing the likelihood of recurrence. As HE 
      staining alone is insufficient for evaluating vascular invasion, specific 
      staining is necessary. Moreover, patients with p-Stage IA TVI(+) disease had a 
      recurrence rate comparable to those with p-Stage IB disease; therefore, further 
      studies should aim to elucidate whether patients with p-Stage IA TVI(+) disease 
      should be administered postoperative chemotherapy similar to that received by 
      p-Stage IB patients. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be 
      found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5213064891369688.
FAU - Hamanaka, Rurika
AU  - Hamanaka R
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, 
      Japan. rurika.hamanaka@gmail.com.
AD  - Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokai University 
      School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan. 
      rurika.hamanaka@gmail.com.
FAU - Yokose, Tomoyuki
AU  - Yokose T
AD  - Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, 
      Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan. yokose-t@kcch.jp.
FAU - Sakuma, Yuji
AU  - Sakuma Y
AD  - Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, 
      Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan. sakuma@sapmed.ac.jp.
FAU - Tsuboi, Masahiro
AU  - Tsuboi M
AD  - Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center Yokohama City University 
      Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan. 
      mtsuboi@east.ncc.go.jp.
FAU - Ito, Hiroyuki
AU  - Ito H
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, 
      Japan. h-ito@kcch.jp.
FAU - Nakayama, Haruhiko
AU  - Nakayama H
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, 
      Japan. nakayama-h@kcch.jp.
FAU - Yamada, Kouzo
AU  - Yamada K
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, 
      Japan. yamadak@kcch.jp.
FAU - Masuda, Ryota
AU  - Masuda R
AD  - Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokai University 
      School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan. 
      masudar@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
FAU - Iwazaki, Masayuki
AU  - Iwazaki M
AD  - Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokai University 
      School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan. 
      Iwasaki@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150402
PL  - England
TA  - Diagn Pathol
JT  - Diagnostic pathology
JID - 101251558
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
MH  - Blood Vessels/chemistry/*pathology
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry/mortality/*pathology/surgery
MH  - Disease-Free Survival
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunohistochemistry/*standards
MH  - Kaplan-Meier Estimate
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/chemistry/mortality/*pathology/surgery
MH  - Lymphatic Vessels/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Neoplasm Invasiveness
MH  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
MH  - Neoplasm Staging
MH  - Pleura/pathology
MH  - Pneumonectomy
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Proportional Hazards Models
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Staining and Labeling/*standards
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Tumor Burden
PMC - PMC4413537
EDAT- 2015/04/18 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/20 06:00
PMCR- 2015/04/02
CRDT- 2015/04/18 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/04/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s13000-015-0249-5 [pii]
AID - 249 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13000-015-0249-5 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Diagn Pathol. 2015 Apr 2;10:17. doi: 10.1186/s13000-015-0249-5.