PMID- 25888976 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160111 LR - 20181113 IS - 1479-5868 (Electronic) IS - 1479-5868 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2015 Apr 10 TI - Development of the General Parenting Observational Scale to assess parenting during family meals. PG - 49 LID - 10.1186/s12966-015-0207-3 [doi] LID - 49 AB - BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the relationship between general parenting and childhood obesity. However, assessing general parenting via surveys can be difficult due to issues with self-report and differences in the underlying constructs being measured. As a result, different aspects of parenting have been associated with obesity risk. We developed a more objective tool to assess general parenting by using observational methods during a mealtime interaction. METHODS: The General Parenting Observational Scale (GPOS) was based on prior work of Baumrind, Maccoby and Martin, Barber, and Slater and Power. Ten dimensions of parenting were included; 4 were classified in the emotional dimension of parenting (warmth and affection, support and sensitivity, negative affect, detachment), and 6 were classified in the behavioral dimension of parenting (firm discipline and structure, demands for maturity, psychological control, physical control, permissiveness, neglect). Overweight children age 8-12 years old and their parent (n = 44 dyads) entering a weight control program were videotaped eating a family meal. Parents were coded for their general parenting behaviors. The Mealtime Family Interaction Coding System (MICS) and several self-report measures of general parenting were also used to assess the parent-child interaction. Spearman's correlations were used to assess correlation between measures. RESULTS: The emotional dimensions of warmth/affection and support/sensitivity, and the behavioral dimension of firm discipline/structure were robustly captured during the family meals. Warmth/affection and support/sensitivity were significantly correlated with affect management, interpersonal involvement, and communication from the MICS. Firm discipline/structure was inversely correlated with affect management, behavior control, and task accomplishment. Parents who were older, with higher educational status, and lower BMIs were more likely to display warmth/affection and support/sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Several general parenting dimensions from the GPOS were highly correlated with similar family functioning constructs from the MICS. This new observational tool appears to be a valid means of assessing general parenting behaviors during mealtimes and adds to our ability to measure parent-level factors affecting child weight-related outcomes. Future evaluation of this tool in a broader range of the population and other family settings should be conducted. FAU - Rhee, Kyung E AU - Rhee KE AD - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. k1rhee@ucsd.edu. AD - Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Developmental Pediatrics, and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0874, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. k1rhee@ucsd.edu. FAU - Dickstein, Susan AU - Dickstein S AD - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, USA. Susan_Dickstein@brown.edu. FAU - Jelalian, Elissa AU - Jelalian E AD - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, USA. Elissa_Jelalian@brown.edu. FAU - Boutelle, Kerri AU - Boutelle K AD - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. kboutelle@ucsd.edu. AD - School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. kboutelle@ucsd.edu. FAU - Seifer, Ronald AU - Seifer R AD - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, USA. Ronald_Seifer@brown.edu. FAU - Wing, Rena AU - Wing R AD - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, USA. rwing@lifespan.org. LA - eng GR - K23 HD057299/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - K23HD057299/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20150410 PL - England TA - Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act JT - The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity JID - 101217089 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Body Mass Index MH - Body Weight MH - Child MH - Eating/psychology MH - Educational Status MH - Emotions MH - *Feeding Behavior/psychology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Meals MH - Middle Aged MH - Observation/*methods MH - *Parent-Child Relations MH - *Parenting/psychology MH - *Parents/psychology MH - *Pediatric Obesity/etiology/prevention & control MH - Social Support PMC - PMC4395900 EDAT- 2015/04/19 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/12 06:00 PMCR- 2015/04/10 CRDT- 2015/04/19 06:00 PHST- 2014/08/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/03/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/04/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12966-015-0207-3 [pii] AID - 207 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12966-015-0207-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015 Apr 10;12:49. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0207-3.