PMID- 25906061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160408
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015
TI  - Design of a papain immobilized antimicrobial food package with curcumin as a 
      crosslinker.
PG  - e0121665
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0121665 [doi]
LID - e0121665
AB  - Contamination of food products by spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms during 
      post process handling is one of the major causes for food spoilage and food borne 
      illnesses. The present green sustainable approach describes the covalent 
      immobilization of papain to LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density 
      polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and PCL (polycaprolactam) 
      with curcumin as the photocrosslinker. About 50% of curcumin and 82-92% of papain 
      were successfully immobilized on these polymers. After 30 days, the free enzyme 
      retained 87% of its original activity, while the immobilized enzyme retained more 
      than 90% of its activity on these polymers. Papain crosslinked to LLDPE exhibited 
      the best antibiofilm properties against Acinetobacter sp. KC119137.1 and 
      Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 5021 when compared to the other three polymers, 
      because of the highest amount of enzyme immobilized on this surface. Papain acts 
      by damaging the cell membrane. The enzyme is able to reduce the amount of 
      carbohydrate and protein contents in the biofilms formed by these organisms. Meat 
      wrapped with the modified LDPE and stored at 4 degrees C showed 9 log reduction of these 
      organisms at the end of the seventh day when compared to samples wrapped with the 
      bare polymer. This method of crosslinking can be used on polymers with or without 
      functional groups and can be adopted to bind any type of antimicrobial agent.
FAU - Manohar, Cynthya Maria
AU  - Manohar CM
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, IIT 
      Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
FAU - Prabhawathi, Veluchamy
AU  - Prabhawathi V
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, IIT 
      Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
FAU - Sivakumar, Ponnurengam Malliappan
AU  - Sivakumar PM
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, IIT 
      Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
FAU - Doble, Mukesh
AU  - Doble M
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, IIT 
      Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150423
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Cross-Linking Reagents)
RN  - 0 (Enzymes, Immobilized)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 6879X594Z8 (Caprolactam)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 9012-24-2 (capron)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain)
RN  - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acinetobacter/drug effects
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Biofilms/drug effects
MH  - Caprolactam/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Carbohydrates
MH  - Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Cross-Linking Reagents/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Curcumin/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Enzymes, Immobilized/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Food Packaging/methods
MH  - Papain/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Polyethylene/chemistry
MH  - Polymers/chemistry
MH  - Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
PMC - PMC4408049
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2015/04/23
CRDT- 2015/04/24 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/04/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-44793 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0121665 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Apr 23;10(4):e0121665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121665. 
      eCollection 2015.