PMID- 25912622
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160224
LR  - 20231111
IS  - 2164-554X (Electronic)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Print)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 5
DP  - 2015
TI  - Checkpoint modulation--A new way to direct the immune system against renal cell 
      carcinoma.
PG  - 1201-8
LID - 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016657 [doi]
AB  - The introduction of targeted therapies like the tyrosine kinase (TKI) and 
      mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors has improved patients' survival 
      in general. Nevertheless the prognosis remains limited. Therapies with a new mode 
      of action are urgently warranted, especially those who would provoke long-term 
      responders or long-lasting complete remissions as observed with unspecific 
      immunotherapy with the cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha. In the recent 
      years a deeper understanding of the underlying immunology of T cell activation 
      led to the development of checkpoint inhibitors, which are mainly monocloncal 
      antibodies and which enhances the presence of the co-stimulatory signals needed 
      for T cell activation or priming. This review discusses the clinical data and 
      ongoing studies available for the inhibition of the PD-1 (CD279) and CTLA-4 
      (CD152) axis in mRCC. In addition, potential future immunological targets are 
      discussed. This approach of T-cell activation or re-activation by immunological 
      checkpoint inhibition holds the inherent promise to directly affect the tumor 
      cell and thereby to potentially cure a subset of patients with mRCC.
FAU - Bedke, Jens
AU  - Bedke J
AD  - a Department of Urology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tubingen , Germany.
FAU - Kruck, Stephan
AU  - Kruck S
FAU - Gakis, Georgios
AU  - Gakis G
FAU - Stenzl, Arnulf
AU  - Stenzl A
FAU - Goebell, Peter J
AU  - Goebell PJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Vaccin Immunother
JT  - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
JID - 101572652
RN  - 0 (CTLA-4 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (CTLA4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (PDCD1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor)
SB  - IM
MH  - CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/*drug effects
MH  - Immunologic Factors/*metabolism
MH  - Immunotherapy/*methods
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects
MH  - Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
PMC - PMC4514323
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IMP321
OT  - checkpoint inhibition
OT  - immunotherapy
OT  - ipilimumab
OT  - nivolumab
OT  - renal cell carcinoma
OT  - tremelimumab
OT  - tyrosine kinase inhibitor
EDAT- 2015/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/26 06:00
PMCR- 2016/02/03
CRDT- 2015/04/28 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1016657 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016657 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(5):1201-8. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016657.