PMID- 25916913
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160210
LR  - 20150521
IS  - 1873-264X (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 111
DP  - 2015
TI  - Comparison of ultrasound-enhanced air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and 
      low-density solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for 
      determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human urine samples.
PG  - 297-305
LID - S0731-7085(15)00211-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.034 [doi]
AB  - Two dispersive-based liquid-liquid microextraction methods including 
      ultrasound-enhanced air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (USE-AALLME) and 
      low-density solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (LDS-DLLME) 
      were compared for the extraction of salicylic acid (the hydrolysis product of 
      acetylsalicylic acid), diclofenac and ibuprofen, as instances of the most 
      commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in human urine prior 
      to their determination by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection 
      (GC-FID). The influence of different parameters affecting the USE-AALLME 
      (including type and volume of the extraction solvent, sample pH, ionic strength, 
      and simultaneous sonication and number of extraction cycles) and the LDS-DLLME 
      (including type and volume of the extraction and disperser solvents, sample pH, 
      and ionic strength) were investigated to optimize their extraction efficiencies. 
      Both methods are fast, simple and convenient with organic solvent consumption at 
      muL level. However, the best results were obtained using the USE-AALLME method, 
      applying 30 muL of 1-octanol as extraction solvent, 5.0 mL of sample at pH 3.0, 
      without salt addition, and 5 extraction cycles during 20s of sonication. This 
      method was validated based on linearities (r(2) >0 .971), limits of detection 
      (0.1-1.0 mug L(-1)), linear dynamic ranges (0.4-1000.0 mug L(-1)), enrichment 
      factors (115 +/- 3-135 +/- 3), consumptive indices (0.043-0.037), inter- and 
      intra-day precisions (4.3-4.8 and 5.6-6.1, respectively), and relative recoveries 
      (94-103%). The USE-AALLME in combination with GC-FID, and with no need to 
      derivatization step, was demonstrated to be a simple, inexpensive, sensitive and 
      efficient method to determine NSAIDs in human urine samples.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Barfi, Behruz
AU  - Barfi B
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
FAU - Asghari, Alireza
AU  - Asghari A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran. Electronic 
      address: aasghari@semnan.ac.ir.
FAU - Rajabi, Maryam
AU  - Rajabi M
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
FAU - Goochani Moghadam, Ahmad
AU  - Goochani Moghadam A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
FAU - Mirkhani, Nasim
AU  - Mirkhani N
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
FAU - Ahmadi, Farhad
AU  - Ahmadi F
AD  - Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah 67149-67346, 
      Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150413
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - NV1779205D (1-Octanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - 1-Octanol/chemistry
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*chemistry/*urine
MH  - Chromatography, Gas/methods
MH  - Flame Ionization/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Liquid Phase Microextraction/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Solvents/*chemistry
MH  - Sonication/methods
MH  - Ultrasonics/*methods
MH  - Urine/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction
OT  - Human
OT  - Low-density
OT  - NSAIDs
OT  - Ultrasound
OT  - Urine
EDAT- 2015/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2015/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2015/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/03/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/03/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0731-7085(15)00211-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015;111:297-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.034. Epub 2015 
      Apr 13.