PMID- 25919457
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151230
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014
TI  - Colostrum of healthy Slovenian mothers: microbiota composition and bacteriocin 
      gene prevalence.
PG  - e0123324
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123324 [doi]
LID - e0123324
AB  - Microbial communities inhabiting the breast milk microenvironment are essential 
      in supporting mammary gland health in lactating women and in providing 
      gut-colonizing bacterial 'inoculum' for their infants' gastro-intestinal 
      development. Bacterial DNA was extracted from colostrum samples of 45 healthy 
      Slovenian mothers. Characteristics of the communities in the samples were 
      assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with denaturing gradient gel 
      electrophoresis (DGGE) and by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). PCR screening 
      for the prevalence of bacteriocin genes was performed on DNA of culturable and 
      total colostrum bacteria. DGGE profiling revealed the presence of Staphylococcus 
      and Gemella in most of the samples and exposed 4 clusters based on the abundance 
      of 3 bands: Staphylococcus epidermidis/Gemella, Streptococcus oralis/pneumonia 
      and Streptococcus salivarius. Bacilli represented the largest proportion of the 
      communities. High prevalence in samples at relatively low quantities was 
      confirmed by qPCR for enterobacteria (100%), Clostridia (95.6%), 
      Bacteroides-Prevotella group (62.2%) and bifidobacteria (53.3%). Bacterial 
      quantities (genome equivalents ml-1) varied greatly among the samples; 
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococci varied in the range of 4 logs, 
      streptococci and all bacteria varied in the range of 2 logs, and other researched 
      groups varied in the range of 1 log. The quantity of most bacterial groups was 
      correlated with the amount of all bacteria. The majority of the genus 
      Staphylococcus was represented by the species Staphylococcus epidermidis (on 
      average 61%), and their abundances were linearly correlated. Determinants of 
      salivaricin A, salivaricin B, streptin and cytolysin were found in single 
      samples. This work provides knowledge on the colostrum microbial community 
      composition of healthy lactating Slovenian mothers and reports bacteriocin gene 
      prevalence.
FAU - Obermajer, Tanja
AU  - Obermajer T
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Lipoglavsek, Luka
AU  - Lipoglavsek L
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 
      Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Tompa, Gorazd
AU  - Tompa G
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Treven, Primoz
AU  - Treven P
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Lorbeg, Petra Mohar
AU  - Lorbeg PM
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Matijasic, Bojana Bogovic
AU  - Matijasic BB
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
FAU - Rogelj, Irena
AU  - Rogelj I
AD  - Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Department of Animal Science, 
      Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150428
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Bacteriocins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
EIN - PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0132201. PMID: 26120836
MH  - Bacteria/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods
MH  - Bacteriocins/*genetics
MH  - Colostrum/*microbiology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Healthy Volunteers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbiota
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Slovenia
PMC - PMC4412836
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/31 06:00
PMCR- 2015/04/28
CRDT- 2015/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/03/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/04/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-17513 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123324 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Apr 28;10(4):e0123324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123324. 
      eCollection 2014.