PMID- 25950251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150715
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1545-861X (Electronic)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Print)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Linking)
VI  - 64
IP  - 17
DP  - 2015 May 8
TI  - Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among 
      persons aged </=30 years - Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 
      2006-2012.
PG  - 453-8
AB  - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne infection in the 
      United States, with approximately three million persons living with current 
      infection. Percutaneous exposure to contaminated blood is the most efficient mode 
      of transmission, and in the United States, injection drug use (IDU) is the 
      primary risk factor for infection. State surveillance reports from the period 
      2006-2012 reveal a nationwide increase in reported cases of acute HCV infection, 
      with the largest increases occurring east of the Mississippi River, particularly 
      among states in central Appalachia. Demographic and behavioral data accompanying 
      these reports show young persons (aged </=30 years) from nonurban areas contributed 
      to the majority of cases, with about 73% citing IDU as a principal risk factor. 
      To better understand the increase in acute cases of HCV infection and its 
      correlation to IDU, CDC examined surveillance data for acute case reports in 
      conjunction with analyzing drug treatment admissions data from the Treatment 
      Episode Data Set-Admissions (TEDS-A) among persons aged </=30 years in four states 
      (Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) for the period 2006-2012. 
      During this period, significant increases in cases of acute HCV infection were 
      found among persons in both urban and nonurban areas, with a substantially higher 
      incidence observed each year among persons residing in nonurban areas. During the 
      same period, the proportion of treatment admissions for opioid dependency 
      increased 21.1% in the four states, with a significant increase in the proportion 
      of persons admitted who identified injecting as their main route of drug 
      administration (an increase of 12.6%). Taken together, these increases indicate a 
      geographic intersection among opioid abuse, drug injecting, and HCV infection in 
      central Appalachia and underscore the need for integrated health services in 
      substance abuse treatment settings to prevent HCV infection and ensure that those 
      who are infected receive medical care.
FAU - Zibbell, Jon E
AU  - Zibbell JE
FAU - Iqbal, Kashif
AU  - Iqbal K
FAU - Patel, Rajiv C
AU  - Patel RC
FAU - Suryaprasad, Anil
AU  - Suryaprasad A
FAU - Sanders, Kathy J
AU  - Sanders KJ
FAU - Moore-Moravian, Loretta
AU  - Moore-Moravian L
FAU - Serrecchia, Jamie
AU  - Serrecchia J
FAU - Blankenship, Steven
AU  - Blankenship S
FAU - Ward, John W
AU  - Ward JW
FAU - Holtzman, Deborah
AU  - Holtzman D
CN  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
JT  - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
JID - 7802429
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis C/*epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Kentucky/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - *Population Surveillance
MH  - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology
MH  - Tennessee/epidemiology
MH  - Virginia/epidemiology
MH  - West Virginia/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4584548
FIR - Frieden, Thomas R
IR  - Frieden TR
FIR - Jaffe, Harold W
IR  - Jaffe HW
FIR - Cono, Joanne
IR  - Cono J
FIR - Richards, Chesley L
IR  - Richards CL
FIR - Iademarco, Michael F
IR  - Iademarco MF
EDAT- 2015/05/08 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/16 06:00
PMCR- 2015/05/08
CRDT- 2015/05/08 06:00
PHST- 2015/05/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/05/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mm6417a2 [pii]
AID - 453-458 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 May 8;64(17):453-8.