PMID- 25963277
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160229
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1873-5169 (Electronic)
IS  - 0196-9781 (Linking)
VI  - 69
DP  - 2015 Jul
TI  - Effects of Apelin on RAW264.7 cells under both normal and hypoxic conditions.
PG  - 133-43
LID - S0196-9781(15)00144-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.025 [doi]
AB  - Macrophages are an important source of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic 
      factors, which can promote pathological processes involving inflammation and 
      angiogenesis. This study investigated the effects of Apelin on macrophages under 
      both normal and hypoxic conditions. Under normal culture conditions, Apelin 
      down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 
      (MCP1), monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 
      (MIP1alpha, MIP1beta), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), Angiopoietin 2 
      (Ang2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). The supernatant concentrations of 
      MCP1, MCP3, MIP1alpha, MIP1beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2) and TNFalpha 
      proteins were significantly decreased in the Apelin treated group. Hypoxia 
      induced profound up-regulations of the angiogenic, chemokine, and inflammatory 
      factors at both the mRNA and protein levels. Apelin suppressed the 
      hypoxia-induced increases in MCP1, MCP3, MIP2, MIP1beta and TNFalpha expression. The 
      underlying mechanism of Apelin inhibit inflammation is regulating NF-kappaB/JNK 
      signal pathway. Additionally, Apelin can protect macrophages from apoptosis and 
      can enhance cell migration during hypoxia. And cleaved Caspase9/3 pathways were 
      involved in Apelin inhibiting RAW264.7 apoptosis. In conclusion, we showed the 
      effect of Apelin on RAW264.7 macrophage under normal and hypoxic condition, which 
      could further influence the angiogenesis and inflammation process that promoted 
      by macrophages.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yang, Fan
AU  - Yang F
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory 
      of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for 
      the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
FAU - Bai, Yujing
AU  - Bai Y
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory 
      of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for 
      the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China. 
      Electronic address: baiyujing93@gmail.com.
FAU - Jiang, Yanrong
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory 
      of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for 
      the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China. 
      Electronic address: drjiangyr@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150509
PL  - United States
TA  - Peptides
JT  - Peptides
JID - 8008690
RN  - 0 (Adipokines)
RN  - 0 (Angiopoietin-2)
RN  - 0 (Apelin)
RN  - 0 (Apln protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL4)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 0 (vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipokines/administration & dosage/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Angiopoietin-2/biosynthesis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apelin
MH  - Cell Movement/genetics
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Chemokine CCL4/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Inflammation/genetics/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/administration & 
      dosage/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Peptides/administration & dosage/chemical synthesis/*metabolism
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Angiogenesis
OT  - Apelin
OT  - Hypoxia
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Macrophage
EDAT- 2015/05/13 06:00
MHDA- 2016/03/02 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/04/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/03/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0196-9781(15)00144-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.025 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Peptides. 2015 Jul;69:133-43. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.025. Epub 2015 May 
      9.