PMID- 25977080
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150928
LR  - 20150515
IS  - 0171-2004 (Print)
IS  - 0171-2004 (Linking)
VI  - 228
DP  - 2015
TI  - Signaling pathways relevant to cognition-enhancing drug targets.
PG  - 59-98
LID - 10.1007/978-3-319-16522-6_3 [doi]
AB  - Aging is generally associated with a certain cognitive decline. However, 
      individual differences exist. While age-related memory deficits can be observed 
      in humans and rodents in the absence of pathological conditions, some individuals 
      maintain intact cognitive functions up to an advanced age. The mechanisms 
      underlying learning and memory processes involve the recruitment of multiple 
      signaling pathways and gene expression, leading to adaptative neuronal plasticity 
      and long-lasting changes in brain circuitry. This chapter summarizes the current 
      understanding of how these signaling cascades could be modulated by 
      cognition-enhancing agents favoring memory formation and successful aging. It 
      focuses on data obtained in rodents, particularly in the rat as it is the most 
      common animal model studied in this field. First, we will discuss the role of the 
      excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and its receptors, downstream signaling 
      effectors [e.g., calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein 
      kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mammalian target of 
      rapamycin (mTOR), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)], associated 
      immediate early gene (e.g., Homer 1a, Arc and Zif268), and growth factors 
      [insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] 
      in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Second, the impact of the 
      cholinergic system and related modulators on memory will be briefly reviewed. 
      Finally, since dynorphin neuropeptides have recently been associated with memory 
      impairments in aging, it is proposed as an attractive target to develop novel 
      cognition-enhancing agents.
FAU - Menard, Caroline
AU  - Menard C
AD  - Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Perry Pavilion, 
      6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4H 1R3.
FAU - Gaudreau, Pierrette
AU  - Gaudreau P
FAU - Quirion, Remi
AU  - Quirion R
LA  - eng
GR  - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Handb Exp Pharmacol
JT  - Handbook of experimental pharmacology
JID - 7902231
RN  - 0 (Nootropic Agents)
RN  - 74913-18-1 (Dynorphins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Cholinergic Fibers/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Cognition/*drug effects
MH  - Cognition Disorders/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Dynorphins/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Memory/drug effects
MH  - Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
MH  - Nootropic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Signal Transduction/*drug effects
MH  - Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
EDAT- 2015/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/29 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2015/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-3-319-16522-6_3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2015;228:59-98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-16522-6_3.