PMID- 25980915
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160210
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 79
DP  - 2015 Aug 1
TI  - Rapid and successful start-up of anammox process by immobilizing the minimal 
      quantity of biomass in PVA-SA gel beads.
PG  - 147-57
LID - S0043-1354(15)00253-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.024 [doi]
AB  - Rapid start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in up-flow 
      column reactors was successfully achieved by immobilizing minimal quantity of 
      biomass in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA) gel beads. The changes in 
      the reactor performance (i.e., nitrogen removal rate; NRR) were monitored with 
      time. The results demonstrate that the reactor containing the immobilized biomass 
      concentration of 0.33 g-VSS L(-1) achieved NRR of 10.8 kg-N m(-3) d(-1) after 
      35-day operation, whereas the reactor containing the granular biomass of 
      2.5 g-VSS L(-1) could achieve only NRR of 3.5 kg-N m(-3) d(-1). This indicates 
      that the gel immobilization method requires much lower seeding biomass for 
      start-up of anammox reactor. To explain the better performance of the immobilized 
      biomass, the biological and physicochemical properties of the immobilized biomass 
      were characterized and compared with the naturally aggregated granular biomass. 
      Effective diffusion coefficient (De) in the immobilized biomass was directly 
      determined by microelectrodes and found to be three times higher than one in the 
      granular biomass. High anammox activity (i.e., NH4(+) and NO2(-) consumption 
      rates) was evenly detected throughout the gel beads by microelectrodes due to 
      faster and deeper substrate transport. In contrast, anammox activity was 
      localized in the outer layers of the granular biomass, indicating that the inner 
      biomass could not contribute to the nitrogen removal. This difference was in good 
      agreement with the spatial distribution of microbes analysed by fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH). Based on these results, PVA-SA gel immobilization is 
      an efficient strategy to initiate anammox reactors with minimal quantity of 
      anammox biomass.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ali, Muhammad
AU  - Ali M
AD  - Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Oshiki, Mamoru
AU  - Oshiki M
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Nagaoka National College of Technology, 888 
      Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-0834, Japan.
FAU - Rathnayake, Lashitha
AU  - Rathnayake L
AD  - Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Ishii, Satoshi
AU  - Ishii S
AD  - Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Satoh, Hisashi
AU  - Satoh H
AD  - Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Okabe, Satoshi
AU  - Okabe S
AD  - Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan. Electronic 
      address: sokabe@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150429
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Alginates)
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Gels)
RN  - 0 (Hexuronic Acids)
RN  - 8A5D83Q4RW (Glucuronic Acid)
RN  - 9002-89-5 (Polyvinyl Alcohol)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Alginates
MH  - Ammonium Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - *Biomass
MH  - *Bioreactors
MH  - Gels
MH  - Glucuronic Acid
MH  - Hexuronic Acids
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Polyvinyl Alcohol
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
OT  - Effective diffusion coefficient
OT  - Gel immobilization
OT  - Start-up of anammox process
EDAT- 2015/05/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/04/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0043-1354(15)00253-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.024 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2015 Aug 1;79:147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 Apr 
      29.