PMID- 25982181
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160404
LR  - 20150826
IS  - 1744-7623 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-8214 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Sep
TI  - Emerging tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of renal cancer.
PG  - 379-92
LID - 10.1517/14728214.2015.1047761 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Since both cytotoxic and cytokine therapy were not able to improve 
      the prognosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), this tumor has been a good 
      model for the development of new biological agents in the past decade. Five VEGF 
      receptor (VEGFR) and two mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are 
      currently available for treatment of this disease but several issues need to be 
      resolved such as a better definition of prognosis, the overcome of resistance and 
      the best therapy for less frequent histologies. AREAS COVERED: This review 
      focuses on new tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) under investigation in these 
      patients. Study design, phase of investigation, result and emerging toxicities 
      were reported for each molecule. Combination trials involving TKIs with other 
      strategies such as immunotherapy were also covered. EXPERT OPINION: Despite the 
      development of more potent and more specific VEGFR TKIs, all tumors ultimately 
      develop resistance to therapy and a plateau has been reached in terms of overall 
      survival. Current research effort to develop new agents aims at overcoming both 
      the primary and the acquired resistance to anti-VEGFR TKIs focusing on new 
      molecular pathways. The ultimate goal is not only to improve patient outcome but 
      to achieve durable complete remission. Several pitfalls that have been 
      responsible for failure of other compounds remain, especially the lack of strong 
      predictive biomarkers and the use of inappropriate tumor assessment criteria that 
      may not accurately capture response to these new therapies.
FAU - Iacovelli, Roberto
AU  - Iacovelli R
AD  - a 1 Institut Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Oncology , 114 Rue Edouard 
      Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France +331 4211 5410 ; +331 4211 5211 ; 
      escudier@gustaveroussy.fr.
FAU - Albiges, Laurence
AU  - Albiges L
FAU - Escudier, Bernard
AU  - Escudier B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150519
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Opin Emerg Drugs
JT  - Expert opinion on emerging drugs
JID - 101135662
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biological Factors)
RN  - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Biological Factors/pharmacology
MH  - Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Drug Design
MH  - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kidney Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MET
OT  - VEGF receptor
OT  - anaplastic lymphoma kinase
OT  - angiogenesis
OT  - clinical trials
OT  - mammalian target of rapamycin
OT  - papillary renal cell carcinoma
OT  - renal cell carcinoma
OT  - tyrosine kinase inhibitors
EDAT- 2015/05/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/05 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2015/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1517/14728214.2015.1047761 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2015 Sep;20(3):379-92. doi: 
      10.1517/14728214.2015.1047761. Epub 2015 May 19.