PMID- 25994262
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160511
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 19
DP  - 2015 Oct
TI  - Effects of urbanization on gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic 
      hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in a coastal city, China: levels, 
      sources, and health risks.
PG  - 14919-31
LID - 10.1007/s11356-015-4616-2 [doi]
AB  - Gas/particle distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in Xiamen from May 2009 to March 
      2010 to evaluate the impacts of urbanization on the fate of persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) in the atmospheric environment. In a newly developing area 
      (NDA), the concentrations of 16 PAHs (gas + particle) were significantly higher 
      than that a historically urbanized area (HUA) (p value <0.05), while the trend of 
      28 PCBs was reversed. Diagnostic ratios and principle component analysis (PCA) 
      implied that atmospheric PAHs in the NDA were mainly derived from petrogenic 
      combustion, including mixed sources of vehicle emissions, biomass burning and oil 
      combustion, while pyrogenic combustion (e.g., traffic and coal combustion) was 
      considered the major source of PAHs in the HUA. Atmospheric PCBs in both HUA and 
      NDA were dominated by TriCBs and PeCBs related to the use of commercial mixtures 
      (Aroclors 1242 and 1254). Based on the toxicological equivalent factor (TEF) 
      approach, total benzo[a]pyrene equivalent values in the HUA and NDA were 1.12 and 
      2.02 ng m(-3), respectively, exceeding the standard threshold values (1.0 ng 
      m(-3)) of China and WHO. Average daily intake of dioxin-like compounds was 0.2 pg 
      kg(-1) day(-1) in the HUA, which are below the WHO tolerable daily intake level. 
      The results showed that the contribution to the toxic equivalency (TEQ) was 
      dominated by PCB169, PCB105, and PCB81.
FAU - Hong, Youwei
AU  - Hong Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 
      92521, USA.
FAU - Chen, Jinsheng
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China. 
      jschen@iue.ac.cn.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China. jschen@iue.ac.cn.
FAU - Zhang, Fuwang
AU  - Zhang F
AD  - Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian, Fuzhou, 350003, China.
FAU - Zhang, Han
AU  - Zhang H
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China. 
      hzhang@iue.ac.cn.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China. hzhang@iue.ac.cn.
FAU - Xu, Lingling
AU  - Xu L
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Yin, Liqian
AU  - Yin L
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Chen, Yanting
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy 
      of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150522
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
RN  - 3417WMA06D (Benzo(a)pyrene)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Benzo(a)pyrene/*analysis
MH  - China
MH  - Cities
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - *Urbanization
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gas-particle distribution
OT  - PAHs
OT  - PCBs
OT  - Sources
OT  - Toxicological equivalent
OT  - Urbanization
EDAT- 2015/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/12 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/22 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-015-4616-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-015-4616-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Oct;22(19):14919-31. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-015-4616-2. Epub 2015 May 22.