PMID- 26008237
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160211
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2072-6651 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2015 May 22
TI  - Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom Reinforces Viral Clearance during the Early Stage 
      of Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus through the 
      Up-Regulation of Th1-Specific Immune Responses.
PG  - 1837-53
LID - 10.3390/toxins7051837 [doi]
AB  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a chronic and 
      immunosuppressive viral disease that is responsible for substantial economic 
      losses for the swine industry. Honeybee venom (HBV) is known to possess several 
      beneficial biological properties, particularly, immunomodulatory effects. 
      Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of HBV on the immune 
      response and viral clearance during the early stage of infection with porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs. HBV was administered 
      via three routes of nasal, neck, and rectal and then the pigs were inoculated 
      with PRRSV intranasally. The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and levels of interferon 
      (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-12 were significantly increased in the 
      HBV-administered healthy pigs via nasal and rectal administration. In 
      experimentally PRRSV-challenged pigs with virus, the viral genome load in the 
      serum, lung, bronchial lymph nodes and tonsil was significantly decreased, as was 
      the severity of interstitial pneumonia, in the nasal and rectal administration 
      group. Furthermore, the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) were 
      significantly increased, along with up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines 
      (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) with HBV administration. Thus, HBV administration-especially 
      via the nasal or rectal route-could be a suitable strategy for immune enhancement 
      and prevention of PRRSV infection in pigs.
FAU - Lee, Jin-A
AU  - Lee JA
AD  - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. dvmjina@gmail.com.
FAU - Kim, Yun-Mi
AU  - Kim YM
AD  - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. kyli75@hanmail.net.
FAU - Hyun, Pung-Mi
AU  - Hyun PM
AD  - Wissen Co., Ltd., #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. 
      muzekokomi@hanmail.net.
FAU - Jeon, Jong-Woon
AU  - Jeon JW
AD  - Wissen Co., Ltd., #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. 
      confessor@hanmail.net.
FAU - Park, Jin-Kyu
AU  - Park JK
AD  - Wissen Co., Ltd., #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. 
      jkypark@live.co.kr.
FAU - Suh, Guk-Hyun
AU  - Suh GH
AD  - Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. ghsuh@chonnam.ac.kr.
FAU - Jung, Bock-Gie
AU  - Jung BG
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at 
      Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA. skulljung@naver.com.
FAU - Lee, Bong-Joo
AU  - Lee BJ
AD  - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. bjlee@chonnam.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150522
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxins (Basel)
JT  - Toxins
JID - 101530765
RN  - 0 (Bee Venoms)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Intranasal
MH  - Administration, Rectal
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bee Venoms/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - CD4-CD8 Ratio
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Cytokines/genetics/immunology
MH  - Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Lung/drug effects/pathology/virology
MH  - Lymph Nodes/drug effects/virology
MH  - Palatine Tonsil/drug effects/virology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*immunology/pathology/virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/isolation & purification
MH  - Swine
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - Viral Load/drug effects
PMC - PMC4448177
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - honeybee venom (HBV)
OT  - immune enhancing effect
OT  - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
OT  - viral clearance effect
EDAT- 2015/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/13 06:00
PMCR- 2015/05/01
CRDT- 2015/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/02/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/05/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/05/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxins7051837 [pii]
AID - toxins-07-01837 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxins7051837 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxins (Basel). 2015 May 22;7(5):1837-53. doi: 10.3390/toxins7051837.