PMID- 26008642
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160115
LR  - 20150703
IS  - 1432-0703 (Electronic)
IS  - 0090-4341 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Aug
TI  - Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab, India: Spatial Variation and Risk 
      Assessment to Human Health.
PG  - 230-40
LID - 10.1007/s00244-015-0163-6 [doi]
AB  - In the present study, gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in 
      bovine milk (n = 312) from Punjab, India, showed chlorpyrifos, DDT, and gamma-HCH as 
      the predominant contaminants. In addition, the presence of beta-endosulfan, 
      endosulfan suphate, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, 
      malathion, profenofos, and ethion was reported in milk samples. In this study, it 
      was observed that 12 milk samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for 
      gamma-HCH (lindane), 18 for DDT and chlorpyrifos, and 1 sample each for endosulfan, 
      cypermethrin, and profenophos. In India, DDT is still permitted for a malaria 
      control program, which may be the plausible reason for its occurrence in milk 
      samples. The spatial variation for presence of pesticide residues in milk 
      indicated greater levels in cotton-growing areas of Punjab. At current levels of 
      pesticide residues in bovine milk, the human health risk assessment in terms of 
      noncancer and cancer hazard was calculated based on both lower-bound [LB (mean 
      residue levels)] and upper-bound [UP (95th percentile level)] limits. It was 
      noticed that cancer and noncancer risk were within United States Environmental 
      Protection Agency prescribed limits for both adults and children at the LB, but 
      children were being exposed to greater risk for DDT and HCH at the 
      95th-percentile UB level.
FAU - Bedi, J S
AU  - Bedi JS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad 
      Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India, 
      bedijasbir78@gmail.com.
FAU - Gill, J P S
AU  - Gill JP
FAU - Aulakh, R S
AU  - Aulakh RS
FAU - Kaur, Prabhjit
AU  - Kaur P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150526
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
JT  - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
JID - 0357245
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Food Contamination/statistics & numerical data
MH  - India
MH  - Milk/chemistry
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
EDAT- 2015/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/16 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-015-0163-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 Aug;69(2):230-40. doi: 
      10.1007/s00244-015-0163-6. Epub 2015 May 26.