PMID- 26009880
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1551-3793 (Electronic)
IS  - 1551-3777 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - The challenges of water governance in Ho Chi Minh City.
PG  - 345-52
LID - 10.1002/ieam.1664 [doi]
AB  - Population growth, urbanization, pollution, and climate change pose urgent water 
      challenges in cities. In this study, the sustainability of integrated water 
      resources management in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) was evaluated using the City 
      Blueprint approach. The City Blueprint is a set of 24 dedicated indicators 
      divided over 8 categories (i.e., water security, water quality, drinking water, 
      sanitation, infrastructure, climate robustness, biodiversity and attractiveness, 
      and governance including public participation). The analysis showed that the 
      rapid increase of water use for urban, industrial, and agricultural activities in 
      HCMC has resulted in depletion of groundwater and severe pollution of both 
      groundwater and surface water. Surface water quality, groundwater quality, 
      biodiversity, and the sanitation of domestic and industrial wastewater are 
      matters that need serious improvement. Current and future water supply in HCMC is 
      at risk. HCMC can cope with it, but the 7 governance gaps as described by the 
      Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are major obstacles 
      for HCMC. Rainwater harvesting, pollution reduction, as well as wastewater reuse 
      are among the practical options. Wastewater reuse could lower the water stress 
      index to 10%. The window to do this is narrow and rapidly closing as a result of 
      the unprecedented urbanization and economic growth of this region.
CI  - (c) 2015 SETAC.
FAU - van Leeuwen, Cornelis J
AU  - van Leeuwen CJ
AD  - KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
AD  - Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht 
      University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
FAU - Dan, Nguyen P
AU  - Dan NP
AD  - Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMCUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Dieperink, Carel
AU  - Dieperink C
AD  - Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht 
      University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150717
PL  - United States
TA  - Integr Environ Assess Manag
JT  - Integrated environmental assessment and management
JID - 101234521
SB  - IM
MH  - Cities
MH  - Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods
MH  - Environmental Policy
MH  - Groundwater
MH  - Population Growth
MH  - Urbanization
MH  - Vietnam
MH  - Water Pollution/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Water Supply/*statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Blue City Index
OT  - City Blueprint
OT  - Climate change
OT  - Water pollution
OT  - Water stress index
EDAT- 2015/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/05/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/ieam.1664 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2016 Apr;12(2):345-52. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1664. Epub 
      2015 Jul 17.