PMID- 26028670
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 0003-813X (Print)
IS  - 1475-4754 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-813X (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 Oct
TI  - The Use of Neutron Analysis Techniques for Detecting The Concentration And 
      Distribution of Chloride Ions in Archaeological Iron.
PG  - 841-859
AB  - Chloride (Cl) ions diffuse into iron objects during burial and drive corrosion 
      after excavation. Located under corrosion layers, Cl is inaccessible to many 
      analytical techniques. Neutron analysis offers non-destructive avenues for 
      determining Cl content and distribution in objects. A pilot study used prompt 
      gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and prompt gamma activation imaging (PGAI) to 
      analyse the bulk concentration and longitudinal distribution of Cl in 
      archaeological iron objects. This correlated with the object corrosion rate 
      measured by oxygen consumption, and compared well with Cl measurement using a 
      specific ion meter. High-Cl areas were linked with visible damage to the 
      corrosion layers and attack of the iron core. Neutron techniques have significant 
      advantages in the analysis of archaeological metals, including penetration depth 
      and low detection limits.
FAU - Watkinson, D
AU  - Watkinson D
AD  - Department of Archaeology and Conservation, Cardiff University John Percival 
      Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK.
FAU - Rimmer, M
AU  - Rimmer M
AD  - Department of Archaeology and Conservation, Cardiff University John Percival 
      Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK.
FAU - Kasztovszky, Z
AU  - Kasztovszky Z
AD  - Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, P.O. 
      Box 49, Hungary.
FAU - Kis, Z
AU  - Kis Z
AD  - Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, P.O. 
      Box 49, Hungary.
FAU - Maroti, B
AU  - Maroti B
AD  - Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, P.O. 
      Box 49, Hungary.
FAU - Szentmiklosi, L
AU  - Szentmiklosi L
AD  - Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, P.O. 
      Box 49, Hungary.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20131017
PL  - England
TA  - Archaeometry
JT  - Archaeometry
JID - 101588960
PMC - PMC4439727
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Archaeological iron
OT  - Chloride
OT  - Conservation
OT  - Corrosion
OT  - Elemental analysis
OT  - Neutron radiography
OT  - Neutron tomography
OT  - PGAA
OT  - PGAI
EDAT- 2015/06/02 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/02 06:01
PMCR- 2015/05/21
CRDT- 2015/06/02 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/05/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/arcm.12058 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Archaeometry. 2014 Oct;56(5):841-859. doi: 10.1111/arcm.12058. Epub 2013 Oct 17.